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Autonomous embedded systems (e.g., robots) typically necessitate intelligent computation with low power/energy processing for completing their tasks. Such requirements can be fulfilled by embodied neuromorphic intelligence with spiking…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Iqra Bano , Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired mathematical models with the ability to process information in the form of spikes. SNNs are expected to provide not only new machine-learning algorithms, but also energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yusuke Sakemi , Kai Morino , Takashi Morie , Kazuyuki Aihara

Animal brains exhibit remarkable efficiency in perception and action, while being robust to both external and internal perturbations. The means by which brains accomplish this remains, for now, poorly understood, hindering our understanding…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-11 André Urbano , Pablo Lanillos , Sander Keemink

A great number of deep learning based models have been recently proposed for automatic music composition. Among these models, the Transformer stands out as a prominent approach for generating expressive classical piano performance with a…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Yu-Siang Huang , Yi-Hsuan Yang

The parallel simulation of Spiking Neural P systems is mainly based on a matrix representation, where the graph inherent to the neural model is encoded in an adjacency matrix. The simulation algorithm is based on a matrix-vector…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Javier Hernández-Tello , Miguel Ángel Martínez-del-Amor , David Orellana-Martín , Francis George C. Cabarle

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) with event-based computation are promising brain-inspired models for energy-efficient applications on neuromorphic hardware. However, most supervised SNN training methods, such as conversion from artificial…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Mingqing Xiao , Qingyan Meng , Zongpeng Zhang , Yisen Wang , Zhouchen Lin

Spiking networks that perform probabilistic inference have been proposed both as models of cortical computation and as candidates for solving problems in machine learning. However, the evidence for spike-based computation being in any way…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-12 Luziwei Leng , Roman Martel , Oliver Breitwieser , Ilja Bytschok , Walter Senn , Johannes Schemmel , Karlheinz Meier , Mihai A. Petrovici

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired computational paradigm, enabling energy-efficient data processing through spike-based information transmission. Despite notable advancements in hardware for SNNs, spike encoding…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 MHD Anas Alsakkal , Runze Wang , Piotr Dudek , Jayawan Wijekoon

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are now the de facto solution for computer vision problems thanks to their impressive results and ease of learning. These networks are composed of layers of connected units called artificial neurons,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Loïc Cordone , Benoît Miramond , Sonia Ferrante

The nervous system represents time-dependent signals in sequences of discrete action potentials or spikes, all spikes are identical so that information is carried only in the spike arrival times. We show how to quantify this information, in…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-02-03 S. P. Strong , Roland Koberle , Rob R. de Ruyter van Steveninck , William Bialek

Bayesian inference provides a principled framework for understanding brain function, while neural activity in the brain is inherently spike-based. This paper bridges these two perspectives by designing spiking neural networks that simulate…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-01 Sepideh Adamiat , Wouter M. Kouw , Bert de Vries

Precise spike timing as a means to encode information in neural networks is biologically supported, and is advantageous over frequency-based codes by processing input features on a much shorter time-scale. For these reasons, much recent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-10-31 Brian Gardner , André Grüning

This paper introduces an unsupervised compact architecture that can extract features and classify the contents of dynamic scenes from the temporal output of a neuromorphic asynchronous event-based camera. Event-based cameras are clock-less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Germain Haessig , Ryad Benosman

Neuro-inspired models and systems have great potential for applications in unconventional computing. Often, the mechanisms of biological neurons are modeled or mimicked in simulated or physical systems in an attempt to harness some of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Jørgen Jensen Farner , Håkon Weydahl , Ruben Jahren , Ola Huse Ramstad , Stefano Nichele , Kristine Heiney

Human brain neuron activities are incredibly significant nowadays. Neuronal behavior is assessed by analyzing signal data such as electroencephalography (EEG), which can offer scientists valuable information about diseases and…

Brain-inspired computing - leveraging neuroscientific principles underpinning the unparalleled efficiency of the brain in solving cognitive tasks - is emerging to be a promising pathway to solve several algorithmic and computational…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Kezhou Yang , Dhuruva Priyan G M , Abhronil Sengupta

In the last century, most sensorimotor studies of cortical neurons relied on average firing rates. Rate coding is efficient for fast sensorimotor processing that occurs within a few seconds. Much less is known about the neural mechanisms…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-01 Terrence J. Sejnowski

At the single-neuron level, precisely timed spikes can either constitute firing-rate codes or spike-pattern codes that utilize the relative timing between consecutive spikes. There has been little experimental support for the hypothesis…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2009-12-18 Hugo Gabriel Eyherabide , Ariel Rokem , Andreas V. M. Herz , Ines Samengo

Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable success across language, vision, and multimodal tasks, and there is growing demand for them to address in-context compositional learning tasks. In these tasks, models solve the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Wei Chen , Jingxi Yu , Zichen Miao , Qiang Qiu

Spiking neural networks combine analog computation with event-based communication using discrete spikes. While the impressive advances of deep learning are enabled by training non-spiking artificial neural networks using the backpropagation…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-22 Timo C. Wunderlich , Christian Pehle