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Understanding cognitive flexibility and task-switching mechanisms in neural systems requires biologically plausible computational models. This tutorial presents a step-by-step approach to constructing a spiking neural network (SNN) that…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-07 Ashwin Viswanathan Kannan , Madhumitha Ganesan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional deep learning frameworks, since they provide higher computational efficiency in event driven neuromorphic hardware. However, the state-of-the-art (SOTA)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-05 Gourav Datta , Souvik Kundu , Peter A. Beerel

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise orders-of-magnitude efficiency gains by communicating with sparse, event-driven spikes rather than dense numerical activations. However, most training pipelines either rely on surrogate-gradient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Arman Ferdowsi , Atakan Aral

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent a biologically inspired paradigm offering an energy-efficient alternative to conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs) for Computer Vision (CV) applications. This paper presents a systematic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Craig Iaboni , Pramod Abichandani

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are efficient computation models to perform spatio-temporal pattern recognition on {resource}- and {power}-constrained platforms. SNNs executed on neuromorphic hardware can further reduce energy consumption of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Adarsha Balaji , Anup Das

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising energy-efficient alternative to artificial neural networks (ANNs), in virtue of their high biological plausibility, rich spatial-temporal dynamics, and event-driven computation. The direct…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Chenlin Zhou , Han Zhang , Liutao Yu , Yumin Ye , Zhaokun Zhou , Liwei Huang , Zhengyu Ma , Xiaopeng Fan , Huihui Zhou , Yonghong Tian

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are a promising candidate for biologically-inspired and energy efficient computation. However, their simulation is notoriously time consuming, and may be seen as a bottleneck in developing competitive training…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Daniel J. Saunders , Cooper Sigrist , Kenneth Chaney , Robert Kozma , Hava T. Siegelmann

Hardware-based spiking neural networks (SNNs) are regarded as promising candidates for the cognitive computing system due to low power consumption and highly parallel operation. In this work, we train the SNN in which the firing time…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Seongbin Oh , Dongseok Kwon , Gyuho Yeom , Won-Mook Kang , Soochang Lee , Sung Yun Woo , Jang Saeng Kim , Min Kyu Park , Jong-Ho Lee

Deep learning's success comes with growing energy demands, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of the field. Spiking neural networks, inspired by biological neurons, offer a promising alternative with potential computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Adalbert Fono , Manjot Singh , Ernesto Araya , Philipp C. Petersen , Holger Boche , Gitta Kutyniok

How to effectively and efficiently deal with spatio-temporal event streams, where the events are generally sparse and non-uniform and have the microsecond temporal resolution, is of great value and has various real-life applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Man Yao , Huanhuan Gao , Guangshe Zhao , Dingheng Wang , Yihan Lin , Zhaoxu Yang , Guoqi Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) with their bio-inspired Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons inherently capture temporal information. This makes them well-suited for sequential tasks like processing event-based data from Dynamic Vision…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Prajna G. Malettira , Shubham Negi , Wachirawit Ponghiran , Kaushik Roy

Multi-bit spiking neural networks (SNNs) have recently become a heated research spot, pursuing energy-efficient and high-accurate AI. However, with more bits involved, the associated memory and computation demands escalate to the point…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xingting Yao , Qinghao Hu , Fei Zhou , Tielong Liu , Gang Li , Peisong Wang , Jian Cheng

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are one of the most promising bio-inspired neural networks models and have drawn increasing attention in recent years. The event-driven communication mechanism of SNNs allows for sparse and theoretically…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Andrea Castagnetti , Alain Pegatoquet , Benoît Miramond

Modern high-frequency trading (HFT) environments are characterized by sudden price spikes that present both risk and opportunity, but conventional financial models often fail to capture the required fine temporal structure. Spiking Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Brian Ezinwoke , Oliver Rhodes

Drawing on the intricate structures of the brain, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) emerge as a transformative development in artificial intelligence, closely emulating the complex dynamics of biological neural networks. While SNNs show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Yanchen Li , Jiachun Li , Kebin Sun , Luziwei Leng , Ran Cheng

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) process time-series data via internal event-driven neural dynamics. The energy consumption of an SNN depends on the number of spikes exchanged between neurons over the course of the input presentation.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jiechen Chen , Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise energy-efficient computation by mimicking biological neural dynamics, yet existing plasticity rules focus on isolated spike pairs and fail to leverage the synchronous activity patterns that drive…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yuchen Tian , Assel Kembay , Samuel Tensingh , Nhan Duy Truong , Jason K. Eshraghian , Omid Kavehei

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are extensively utilized in brain-inspired computing and neuroscience research. To enhance the speed and energy efficiency of SNNs, several many-core accelerators have been developed. However, maintaining the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Zhuo Chen , De Ma , Xiaofei Jin , Qinghui Xing , Ouwen Jin , Xin Du , Shuibing He , Gang Pan

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising in a bio-plausible coding for spatio-temporal information and event-driven signal processing, which is very suited for energy-efficient implementation in neuromorphic hardware. However, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Hanle Zheng , Yujie Wu , Lei Deng , Yifan Hu , Guoqi Li

Spiking Neural Networks are a type of neural networks where neurons communicate using only spikes. They are often presented as a low-power alternative to classical neural networks, but few works have proven these claims to be true. In this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Edgar Lemaire , Loic Cordone , Andrea Castagnetti , Pierre-Emmanuel Novac , Jonathan Courtois , Benoit Miramond