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Practical quantum networking architectures are crucial for scaling the connection of quantum resources. Yet quantum network testbeds have thus far underutilized the full capabilities of modern lightwave communications, such as flexible-grid…

Distributing entanglement among multiple users is a fundamental problem in quantum networks, requiring an efficient solution. In this work, a protocol is proposed for extracting maximally entangled (GHZn) states for any number of parties in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Vaisakh Mannalath , Anirban Pathak

Multipartite entangled states are great resources for quantum networks. In this work we study the distribution, or routing, of entangled states over fixed, but arbitrary, physical networks. Our simplified model represents each use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Clément Meignant , Damian Markham , Frédéric Grosshans

The topology of classical networks is determined by physical links between nodes, and after a network request the links are used to establish the desired connections. Quantum networks offer the possibility to generate different kinds of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Alexander Pirker , Wolfgang Dür

Distributing quantum state and entanglement between distant nodes is a crucial task in distributed quantum information processing on large-scale quantum networks. Quantum network coding provides an alternative solution for quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 He Lu , Zheng-Da Li , Xu-Fei Yin , Rui Zhang , Xiao-Xu Fang , Li Li , Nai-Le Liu , Feihu Xu , Yu-Ao Chen , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most explored application of quantum information theory. A central problem in entanglement-based QKD (EB-QKD), is whether every entangled state can be used to extract a key. We observe that entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Shubhayan Sarkar , Tushita Prasad , Karol Horodecki

Entanglement distribution is key to the success of secure communication schemes based on quantum mechanics, and there is a strong need for an ultimate architecture able to overcome the limitations of recent proposals such as those based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-10 Alexander Streltsov , Remigiusz Augusiak , Maciej Demianowicz , Maciej Lewenstein

Distribution and distillation of entanglement over quantum networks is a basic task for Quantum Internet applications. A fundamental question is then to determine the ultimate performance of entanglement distribution over a given network.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-17 Masahiro Takeoka , Eneet Kaur , Wojciech Roga , Mark M. Wilde

We consider quantum networks, where entangled photon pairs are distributed using fibre optic links from a centralized source to entangling nodes. The entanglement is then stored (via an entanglement swap) in entangling nodes' quantum…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Vivek Vasan , Anuj Agrawal , Alexander Nico-Katz , Jerry Horgan , Boulat A. Bash , Daniel C. Kilper , Marco Ruffini

Distributed quantum computing relies on coordinated operations between remote quantum processing units (QPUs), yet most existing work either assumes full connectivity, unrealistic for large networks, or relies on entanglement swapping. To…

Quantum communication networks are emerging as a promising technology that could constitute a key building block in future communication networks in the 6G era and beyond. These networks have an inherent feature of parallelism that allows…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Mahdi Chehimi , Walid Saad

The performance of distributing entanglement between two distant nodes in a large-scale quantum network (QN) of partially entangled bipartite pure states is generally benchmarked against the classical entanglement percolation (CEP) scheme.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Xiangyi Meng , Yulong Cui , Jianxi Gao , Shlomo Havlin , Andrei E. Ruckenstein

We consider the problem of optimising the achievable EPR-pair distribution rate between multiple source-destination pairs in a quantum internet, where the repeaters may perform a probabilistic bell-state measurement and we may impose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-02 Kaushik Chakraborty , David Elkouss , Bruno Rijsman , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum networks will rely on entanglement distribution to enable multi-user applications such as distributed quantum computing and cryptography. While multipartite entanglement distribution routing protocols have been extensively studied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Jazz E. Z. Ooi , Evan Sutcliffe , Alejandra Beghelli

Entanglement distribution is a crucial problem in quantum information science, owing to the essential role that entanglement plays in enabling advanced quantum protocols, including quantum teleportation and quantum cryptography. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Piotr Masajada , Marco Fellous-Asiani , Alexander Streltsov

A quantum network promises to enable long distance quantum communication, and assemble small quantum devices into a large quantum computing cluster. Each network node can thereby be seen as a small few qubit quantum computer. Qubits can be…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Eddie Schoute , Laura Mancinska , Tanvirul Islam , Iordanis Kerenidis , Stephanie Wehner

Distributing quantum entanglements over long distances is essential for the realization of a global scale quantum Internet. Most of the prior work and proposals assume an on-demand distribution of entanglements which may result in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Nitish K. Panigrahy , Don Towsley

Efficient generation and high-quality distribution of entanglement is becoming increasingly more relevant in the field of quantum technologies, with important applications such as multiparty computation as well as quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Martin Achleitner , Alessandro Trenti , Philip Walther , Hannes Hübel

A quantum internet aims at harnessing networked quantum technologies, namely by distributing bipartite entanglement between distant nodes. However, multipartite entanglement between the nodes may empower the quantum internet for additional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-13 Luís Bugalho , Bruno C. Coutinho , Francisco A. Monteiro , Yasser Omar

Quantum entanglement is a form of correlation between quantum particles that has now become a crucial part in quantum information and communication science. For example, it has been shown to enable or enhance quantum processing tasks such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-20 Tanjung Krisnanda
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