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Wasserstein distances are increasingly used in a wide variety of applications in machine learning. Sliced Wasserstein distances form an important subclass which may be estimated efficiently through one-dimensional sorting operations. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-08 Mark Rowland , Jiri Hron , Yunhao Tang , Krzysztof Choromanski , Tamas Sarlos , Adrian Weller

Since the introduction of the Sliced Wasserstein distance in the literature, its simplicity and efficiency have made it one of the most interesting surrogate for the Wasserstein distance in image processing and machine learning. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Eloi Tanguy , Laetitia Chapel , Julie Delon

Sliced-Wasserstein distance (SW) and its variant, Max Sliced-Wasserstein distance (Max-SW), have been used widely in the recent years due to their fast computation and scalability even when the probability measures lie in a very high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-06 Khai Nguyen , Nhat Ho , Tung Pham , Hung Bui

We introduce the observable Wasserstein distance, a framework for deriving lower bounds on the Wasserstein distance between probability measures on Polish metric spaces, designed to bypass the computational intractability of exact optimal…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Edivaldo Lopes dos Santos , Leandro Vicente Mauri , Washington Mio , Tom Needham

Wasserstein distances are widely used in modern data analysis but pose significant computational and statistical challenges in high dimensions. The sliced Wasserstein distance alleviates these challenges by leveraging one-dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-21 David Rodríguez-Vítores , Eustasio del Barrio , Jean-Michel Loubes

The sliced Wasserstein distance $SW_2(\mu,\nu)$ compares high-dimensional probability measures by averaging one-dimensional optimal transport distances over linear projections. Although sliced Wasserstein distances are now standard…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Bang-Xian Han

Optimal transport with quadratic cost provides a geometric framework for steering an ensemble, modeled by a probability law, with minimal effort. Yet ambient-space formulations become unwieldy in high dimensions, and sensing or actuation in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Kaito Ito , Anqi Dong

Sliced Wasserstein distances are widely used in practice as a computationally efficient alternative to Wasserstein distances in high dimensions. In this paper, motivated by theoretical foundations of this alternative, we prove quantitative…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Guillaume Carlier , Alessio Figalli , Quentin Mérigot , Yi Wang

Motivated by the growing popularity of variants of the Wasserstein distance in statistics and machine learning, we study statistical inference for the Sliced Wasserstein distance--an easily computable variant of the Wasserstein distance.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Tudor Manole , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Larry Wasserman

We address the problem of efficiently computing Wasserstein distances for multiple pairs of distributions drawn from a meta-distribution. To this end, we propose a fast estimation method based on regressing Wasserstein distance on sliced…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Khai Nguyen , Hai Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Recently used in various machine learning contexts, the Gromov-Wasserstein distance (GW) allows for comparing distributions whose supports do not necessarily lie in the same metric space. However, this Optimal Transport (OT) distance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-21 Titouan Vayer , Rémi Flamary , Romain Tavenard , Laetitia Chapel , Nicolas Courty

We study the numerical integration of functions from isotropic Sobolev spaces $W_p^s([0,1]^d)$ using finitely many function evaluations within randomized algorithms, aiming for the smallest possible probabilistic error guarantee…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-09 Robert J. Kunsch

Sliced Wasserstein (SW) distance has been widely used in different application scenarios since it can be scaled to a large number of supports without suffering from the curse of dimensionality. The value of sliced Wasserstein distance is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-07 Khai Nguyen , Tongzheng Ren , Huy Nguyen , Litu Rout , Tan Nguyen , Nhat Ho

The squared Wasserstein distance is a natural quantity to compare probability distributions in a non-parametric setting. This quantity is usually estimated with the plug-in estimator, defined via a discrete optimal transport problem which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-30 Lenaic Chizat , Pierre Roussillon , Flavien Léger , François-Xavier Vialard , Gabriel Peyré

The quadratic Wasserstein metric has shown its power in measuring the difference between probability densities, which benefits optimization objective function with better convexity and is insensitive to data noise. Nevertheless, it is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-28 Zhengyang Li , Yijia Tang , Jing Chen , Hao Wu

The Wasserstein distance has been an attractive tool in many fields. But due to its high computational complexity and the phenomenon of the curse of dimensionality in empirical estimation, various extensions of the Wasserstein distance have…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Xianliang Xu , Zhongyi Huang

Distribution matching is central to many vision and graphics tasks, where the widely used Wasserstein distance is too costly to compute for high dimensional distributions. The Sliced Wasserstein Distance (SWD) offers a scalable alternative,…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mark Boss , Andreas Engelhardt , Simon Donné , Varun Jampani

Tree-Sliced methods have recently emerged as an alternative to the traditional Sliced Wasserstein (SW) distance, replacing one-dimensional lines with tree-based metric spaces and incorporating a splitting mechanism for projecting measures.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Thanh Tran , Viet-Hoang Tran , Thanh Chu , Trang Pham , Laurent El Ghaoui , Tam Le , Tan M. Nguyen

Motivated by classical harmonic analysis results characterizing H\"older spaces in terms of the decay of their wavelet coefficients, we consider wavelet methods for computing s-Wasserstein type distances. Previous work by Sheory (n\'e…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Katy Craig , Haoqing Yu

We study the weighted total variation distance between probability measures. Using Fourier-analytic tools, we present estimates in terms of Wasserstein distances between the respective probabilities, under appropriate smoothness and moment…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Iván Ivkovic , Miklós Rásonyi