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Is Android malware classification a solved problem? Published F1 scores of up to 0.99 appear to leave very little room for improvement. In this paper, we argue that results are commonly inflated due to two pervasive sources of experimental…
The reliability of machine learning critically depends on dataset quality. While machine learning applied to computer vision and natural language processing benefits from high-quality benchmark datasets, cyber security often falls behind,…
As in other cybersecurity areas, machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as a promising solution to detect Android malware. In this sense, many proposals employing a variety of algorithms and feature sets have been presented to date,…
Machine learning (ML)-based Android malware detection has been one of the most popular research topics in the mobile security community. An increasing number of research studies have demonstrated that machine learning is an effective and…
The increasing use of Machine Learning (ML) software can lead to unfair and unethical decisions, thus fairness bugs in software are becoming a growing concern. Addressing these fairness bugs often involves sacrificing ML performance, such…
Accurately predicting faulty software units helps practitioners target faulty units and prioritize their efforts to maintain software quality. Prior studies use machine-learning models to detect faulty software code. We revisit past studies…
Software bias is an increasingly important operational concern for software engineers. We present a large-scale, comprehensive empirical study of 17 representative bias mitigation methods for Machine Learning (ML) classifiers, evaluated…
Industry practitioners care about small improvements in malware detection accuracy because their models are deployed to hundreds of millions of machines, meaning a 0.1\% change can cause an overwhelming number of false positives. However,…
Researchers have proposed kinds of malware detection methods to solve the explosive mobile security threats. We argue that the experiment results are inflated due to the research bias introduced by the variability of malware dataset. We…
Context: There is considerable diversity in the range and design of computational experiments to assess classifiers for software defect prediction. This is particularly so, regarding the choice of classifier performance metrics.…
The impressive growth of smartphone devices in combination with the rising ubiquity of using mobile platforms for sensitive applications such as Internet banking, have triggered a rapid increase in mobile malware. In recent literature, many…
This study examines machine learning techniques like Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, Neural Networks, and ensemble methods to detect Android malware. The study evaluates these models on a dataset of Android…
Machine Learning (ML)-based detectors are becoming essential to counter the proliferation of malware. However, common ML algorithms are not designed to cope with the dynamic nature of real-world settings, where both legitimate and malicious…
Many studies have proposed machine-learning (ML) models for malware detection and classification, reporting an almost-perfect performance. However, they assemble ground-truth in different ways, use diverse static- and dynamic-analysis…
Machine learning models built on datasets containing discriminative instances attributed to various underlying factors result in biased and unfair outcomes. It's a well founded and intuitive fact that existing bias mitigation strategies…
It is well known that the usefulness of a machine learning model is due to its ability to generalize to unseen data. This study uses three popular cyberbullying datasets to explore the effects of data, how it's collected, and how it's…
Malware detection is a ubiquitous application of Machine Learning (ML) in security. In behavioral malware analysis, the detector relies on features extracted from program execution traces. The research literature has focused on detectors…
Over the last decade, machine learning has been extensively applied to identify malicious Android applications. However, such approaches remain vulnerable against adversarial examples, i.e., examples that are subtly manipulated to fool a…
As machine-learning (ML) based systems for malware detection become more prevalent, it becomes necessary to quantify the benefits compared to the more traditional anti-virus (AV) systems widely used today. It is not practical to build an…
Machine-learning models have been recently used for detecting malicious Android applications, reporting impressive performances on benchmark datasets, even when trained only on features statically extracted from the application, such as…