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Quantum key distribution (QKD) has the potential to improve communications security by offering cryptographic keys whose security relies on the fundamental properties of quantum physics. The use of a trusted quantum receiver on an orbiting…

Quantum information processing is the emerging field that defines and realizes computing devices that make use of quantum mechanical principles, like the superposition principle, entanglement, and interference. In this review we study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Harry Buhrman , Richard Cleve , Serge Massar , Ronald de Wolf

Mutual distance bounding (DB) protocols enable two distrusting parties to establish an upper-bound on the distance between them. DB has been so far mainly considered in classical settings and for classical applications, especially in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Aysajan Abidin , Karim Eldefrawy , Dave Singelee

Many quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes are based on sending and measuring qubits -- two-dimensional quantum systems. Yet, in practical realizations and experiments, the measuring devices at the receiver's (Bob) site commonly do not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-23 Ran Gelles , Tal Mor

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two parties to establish a shared secret key that is secure against all-powerful adversaries. One such protocol named B92 is quite appealing due to its simplicity but is highly sensitive to channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Hasan Iqbal , Walter O. Krawec

We investigate the error tolerance of quantum cryptographic protocols using $d$-level systems. In particular, we focus on prepare-and-measure schemes that use two mutually unbiased bases and a key-distillation procedure with two-way…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Georgios M. Nikolopoulos , Kedar S. Ranade , Gernot Alber

In quantum key distribution (QKD), protocols are tailored to adopt desirable experimental attributes, including high key rates, operation in high noise levels, and practical security considerations. The round-robin differential phase shift…

Quantum mechanics provides a disembodied way to transfer quantum information from one quantum object to another. In theory, this quantum information transfer can occur between quantum objects of any dimension, yet the reported experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 Tianfeng Feng , Qiao Xu , Linxiang Zhou , Maolin Luo , Wuhong Zhang , Xiaoqi Zhou

We show that higher-dimensional versions of qubits, or qudits, can be encoded into spin systems and into harmonic oscillators, yielding important advantages for quantum computation. Whereas qubit-based quantum computation is adequate for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen D. Bartlett , Hubert de Guise , Barry C. Sanders

In recent years, quantum computing technologies have steadily matured and have begun to find practical applications across various domains. One important area is network communication security, where Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Abel C. H. Chen

Quantum information science strives to leverage the quantum-mechanical nature of our universe in order to achieve large improvements in certain information processing tasks. In deep-space optical communications, current receivers for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy

Quantum computing can provide speedups in solving many problems as the evolution of a quantum system is described by a unitary operator in an exponentially large Hilbert space. Such unitary operators change the phase of their eigenstates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Youle Wang , Lei Zhang , Zhan Yu , Xin Wang

Quantum information processing protocols are efficiently implemented on spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ networks. A quantum communication protocol generally involves a certain number of parties having local access to a subset of a larger system, whose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-17 S. Lorenzo , F. Plastina , M. Consiglio , T. J. G. Apollaro

In communication networks many different channels must share a limited amount of resources. In order to allow for multiple simultaneous communications, multiple access techniques are routinely employed. With quantum communication, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin , Pedro Chamorro-Posada

We employ quantum state and process tomography with time-bin qubits to benchmark a city-wide metropolitan quantum communication system. Over this network, we implement real-time feedback control systems for stabilizing the phase of the…

Semi-quantum key distribution protocols are designed to allow two users to establish a secure secret key when one of the two users is limited to performing certain "classical" operations. There have been several such protocols developed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-17 Walter O. Krawec

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a theoretically secure method to share secret keys, yet practical implementations face challenges due to noise and loss over long-distance channels. Traditional QKD protocols require extensive noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Hannah Seabrook , Emilien Lavie , Teodor Strömberg , Matthew P. Stafford , Giulia Rubino

The application of high-dimensional quantum systems (qudits) in quantum computing and communications seems to be a promising avenue due to the possibility of increasing the amount of information encoded in one physical carrier. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 E. A. Vashukevich , T. Yu. Golubeva , Yu. M. Golubev

We analyze how the performance of a quantum-repeater network depends on the protocol employed to distribute entanglement, and we find that the choice of repeater-to-repeater link protocol has a profound impact on communication rate as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Cody Jones , Danny Kim , Matthew T. Rakher , Paul G. Kwiat , Thaddeus D. Ladd

Quantum key distribution(QKD) is one of the most significant areas in quantum information theory. For nearly four decades, substantial QKD schemes are developed. In early years, the security of QKD protocols is depend on switching different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-12 Hao Shu