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In this article, we propose a general framework to study the dynamics and topology of cellular networks that capture the geometry of cell packings in two-dimensional tissues. Such epithelia undergo large-scale deformation during…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2017-09-08 Matthias Merkel , Raphaël Etournay , Marko Popović , Guillaume Salbreux , Suzanne Eaton , Frank Jülicher

We classify edge-to-edge tilings of the sphere by congruent pentagons with the edge combination $a^4b$ and with rational angles in degree: they are a one-parameter family of symmetric $a^4b$-pentagonal subdivisions of the tetrahedron with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Jinjin Liang , Yixi Liao , Wenchuan Hu , Erxiao Wang

Colloidal membranes, self assembled monolayers of aligned rod like molecules, offer a template for designing membranes with definite shapes and curvature, and possibly new functionalities in the future. Often the constituent rods, due to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-07-31 Sk Ashif Akram , Arabinda Behera , Prerna Sharma , Anirban Sain

We present a single, connected tile which can tile the plane but only non-periodically. The tile is hexagonal with edge markings, which impose simple rules as to how adjacent tiles are allowed to meet across edges. The first of these rules…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-10-19 James J. Walton , Michael F. Whittaker

Organoids are in vitro cellular collectives from which brain-like, or gut-like, or kidney-like structures emerge. To make quantitative predictions regarding the morphology and rheology of a cellular collective in its initial stages of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-01-12 Tao Zhang , J. M. Schwarz

Unlike other tissue types, like epithelial tissue, which consist of cells with a much more homogeneous structure and function, the nervous tissue spans in a complex multilayer environment whose topographical features display a large…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-05-12 C. Simitzi , A. Ranella , E. Stratakis

We define rules for cellular automata played on quasiperiodic tilings of the plane arising from the multigrid method in such a way that these cellular automata are isomorphic to Conway's Game of Life. Although these tilings are nonperiodic,…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2017-08-31 Duane A. Bailey , Kathryn A. Lindsey

An irregular vertex in a tiling by polygons is a vertex of one tile and belongs to the interior of an edge of another tile. In this paper we show that for any integer $k\geq 3$, there exists a normal tiling of the Euclidean plane by convex…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-12-02 Dirk Frettlöh , Alexey Glazyrin , Zsolt Lángi

We investigate morphologies of proliferating cellular tissue using a newly developed numerical simulation model for mechanical cell division. The model reproduces structures of simple multi-cellular organisms via simple rules for selective…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-11-20 Pranav Madhikar , Jan Åström , Björn Baumeier , Mikko Karttunen

The regular 2n-gon (square, hexagon, octagon, ...) is subdivided into smaller polygons (tiles) by the subset of diagonals which run parallel to any of the 2n sides. The manuscript reports on the number of tiles up to the 78-gon.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-11-19 Richard J. Mathar

The tilings of the 2-dimensional sphere by congruent triangles have been extensively studied, and the edge-to-edge tilings have been completely classified. However, not much is known about the tilings by other congruent polygons. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-07 Honghao Gao , Nan Shi , Min Yan

Majority bootstrap percolation is a monotone cellular automata that can be thought of as a model of infection spreading in networks. Starting with an initially infected set, new vertices become infected once more than half of their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Maurício Collares , Joshua Erde , Anna Geisler , Mihyun Kang

We study how regularity along a submanifold of a differential or microdifferential system can propagate from a family of submanifolds to another. The first result is that a microdifferential system regular along a lagrangian foliation is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-02-10 Yves Laurent

We classify the dihedral edge-to-edge tilings of the sphere by regular polygons with gonality at least 5 and rhombi.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-13 Ho Man Cheung , Hoi Ping Luk

Cells forming various epithelial tissues have a strikingly universal distribution for the number of their edges. It is generally assumed that this topological feature is predefined by the statistics of individual cell divisions in growing…

We present a novel variant of a planar quasiperiodic tiling with tenfold symmetry, employing the same thick and thin rhombuses as the celebrated rhombic Penrose tiling. Despite its distinct visual appearance, this new tiling shares several…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Nobuhisa Fujita , Komajiro Niizeki

A locally finite face-to-face tiling of euclidean d-space by convex polytopes is called combinatorially multihedral if its combinatorial automorphism group has only finitely many orbits on the tiles. The paper describes a local…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2008-09-16 Nikolai Dolbilin , Egon Schulte

Diffusion-driven patterns appear on curved surfaces in many settings, initiated by unstable modes of an underlying Laplacian operator. On a flat surface or perfect sphere, the patterns are degenerate, reflecting translational/rotational…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-09 John R. Frank , Jemal Guven , Mehran Kardar , Leyna Shackleton

Majority bootstrap percolation is a model of infection spreading in networks. Starting with a set of initially infected vertices, new vertices become infected once half of their neighbours are infected. Balogh, Bollob\'{a}s and Morris…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Maurício Collares , Joshua Erde , Anna Geisler , Mihyun Kang

We consider $n$-folding triangular curves, or $n$-folding t-curves, obtained by folding $n$ times a strip of paper in $3$, each time possibly left then right or right then left, and unfolding it with $\pi /3$ angles. An example is the well…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Francis Oger