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The Information Bottleneck (IB) method (\cite{tishby2000information}) provides an insightful and principled approach for balancing compression and prediction for representation learning. The IB objective $I(X;Z)-\beta I(Y;Z)$ employs a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Tailin Wu , Ian Fischer , Isaac L. Chuang , Max Tegmark

The information bottleneck (IB) method is a technique for extracting information that is relevant for predicting the target random variable from the source random variable, which is typically implemented by optimizing the IB Lagrangian that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Ziqi Pan , Li Niu , Jianfu Zhang , Liqing Zhang

The Information Bottleneck (IB) method is an information theoretical framework to design a parsimonious and tunable feature-extraction mechanism, such that the extracted features are maximally relevant to a specific learning or inference…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-17 Francesco Binucci , Paolo Banelli , Paolo Di Lorenzo , Sergio Barbarossa

Information bottleneck (IB) is a technique for extracting information in one random variable $X$ that is relevant for predicting another random variable $Y$. IB works by encoding $X$ in a compressed "bottleneck" random variable $M$ from…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky , Brendan D. Tracey , David H. Wolpert

Bayesian Inference and Information Bottleneck are the two most popular objectives for neural networks, but they can be optimised only via a variational lower bound: the Variational Information Bottleneck (VIB). In this manuscript we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Vincenzo Crescimanna , Bruce Graham

Bidirectional language models have better context understanding and perform better than unidirectional models on natural language understanding tasks, yet the theoretical reasons behind this advantage remain unclear. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Md Kowsher , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Shiyun Xu , Shetu Mohanto , Ozlem Garibay , Niloofar Yousefi , Chen Chen

Information bottleneck is an information-theoretic principle of representation learning that aims to learn a maximally compressed representation that preserves as much information about labels as possible. Under this principle, two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Yuyan Ni , Yanyan Lan , Ao Liu , Zhiming Ma

We present a variational approximation to the information bottleneck of Tishby et al. (1999). This variational approach allows us to parameterize the information bottleneck model using a neural network and leverage the reparameterization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Alexander A. Alemi , Ian Fischer , Joshua V. Dillon , Kevin Murphy

Variational dimensionality reduction methods are widely used for their accuracy, generative capabilities, and robustness. We introduce a unifying framework that generalizes both such as traditional and state-of-the-art methods. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Eslam Abdelaleem , Ilya Nemenman , K. Michael Martini

In this work, we propose Cell Variational Information Bottleneck Network (cellVIB), a convolutional neural network using information bottleneck mechanism, which can be combined with the latest feedforward network architecture in an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Zhonghua Zhai , Chen Ju , Jinsong Lan , Shuai Xiao

This paper presents Hyper-VIB, a hypernetwork-enhanced information bottleneck (IB) approach designed to enable efficient task-oriented communications in 6G collaborative intelligent systems. Leveraging IB theory, our approach enables an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jingchen Peng , Chaowen Deng , Yili Deng , Boxiang Ren , Lu Yang

We propose a new approach to train a variational information bottleneck (VIB) that improves its robustness to adversarial perturbations. Unlike the traditional methods where the hard labels are usually used for the classification task, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Weizhu Qian , Bowei Chen , Xiaowei Huang

The information bottleneck (IB) method seeks a compressed representation of data that preserves information relevant to a target variable for prediction while discarding irrelevant information from the original data. In its classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Akira Kamatsuka , Takahiro Yoshida

While large-scale pretrained language models have obtained impressive results when fine-tuned on a wide variety of tasks, they still often suffer from overfitting in low-resource scenarios. Since such models are general-purpose feature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Rabeeh Karimi Mahabadi , Yonatan Belinkov , James Henderson

Information Bottleneck (IB) based multi-view learning provides an information theoretic principle for seeking shared information contained in heterogeneous data descriptions. However, its great success is generally attributed to estimate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Xudong Tian , Zhizhong Zhang , Cong Wang , Wensheng Zhang , Yanyun Qu , Lizhuang Ma , Zongze Wu , Yuan Xie , Dacheng Tao

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle offers an information-theoretic framework for analyzing the training process of deep neural networks (DNNs). Its essence lies in tracking the dynamics of two mutual information (MI) values: between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Ivan Butakov , Alexander Tolmachev , Sofia Malanchuk , Anna Neopryatnaya , Alexey Frolov , Kirill Andreev

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle offers a compelling theoretical framework to understand how neural networks (NNs) learn. However, its practical utility has been constrained by unresolved theoretical ambiguities and significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Charles Westphal , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

Information bottleneck (IB) is a method for extracting information from one random variable $X$ that is relevant for predicting another random variable $Y$. To do so, IB identifies an intermediate "bottleneck" variable $T$ that has low…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky , Brendan D. Tracey , Steven Van Kuyk

The information bottleneck (IB) principle has been adopted to explain deep learning in terms of information compression and prediction, which are balanced by a trade-off hyperparameter. How to optimize the IB principle for better robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Penglong Zhai , Shihua Zhang

Information Bottleneck (IB) is a technique to extract information about one target random variable through another relevant random variable. This technique has garnered significant interest due to its broad applications in information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Lingyi Chen , Shitong Wu , Jiachuan Ye , Huihui Wu , Wenyi Zhang , Hao Wu
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