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Coarse-graining has become an area of tremendous importance within many different research fields. For molecular simulation, coarse-graining bears the promise of finding simplified models such that long-time simulations of large-scale…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Feliks Nüske , Lorenzo Boninsegna , Cecilia Clementi

Simulations of condensed matter systems often focus on the dynamics of a few distinguished components but require integrating the dynamics of the full system. A prime example is a molecular dynamics simulation of a (macro)molecule in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Mauricio J. del Razo , Daan Crommelin , Peter G. Bolhuis

Generative models, particularly normalizing flows, have shown exceptional performance in learning probability distributions across various domains of physics, including statistical mechanics, collider physics, and lattice field theory. In…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-01-14 Dominic Schuh , Janik Kreit , Evan Berkowitz , Lena Funcke , Thomas Luu , Kim A. Nicoli , Marcel Rodekamp

Scalable sampling of molecular states in thermodynamic equilibrium is a long-standing challenge in statistical physics. Boltzmann Generators tackle this problem by pairing a generative model, capable of exact likelihood computation, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Danyal Rehman , Tara Akhound-Sadegh , Artem Gazizov , Yoshua Bengio , Alexander Tong

Efficient sampling from the Boltzmann distribution given its energy function is a key challenge for modeling complex physical systems such as molecules. Boltzmann Generators address this problem by leveraging continuous normalizing flows to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Rishal Aggarwal , Jacky Chen , Nicholas M. Boffi , David Ryan Koes

In this work, we investigate the use of normalizing flows to model conditional distributions. In particular, we use our proposed method to analyze inverse problems with invertible neural networks by maximizing the posterior likelihood. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Zhisheng Xiao , Qing Yan , Yali Amit

Understanding the dynamics of complex molecular processes is often linked to the study of infrequent transitions between long-lived stable states. The standard approach to the sampling of such rare events is to generate an ensemble of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-05-22 Sebastian Falkner , Alessandro Coretti , Salvatore Romano , Phillip Geissler , Christoph Dellago

Coarse graining enables the investigation of molecular dynamics for larger systems and at longer timescales than is possible at atomic resolution. However, a coarse graining model must be formulated such that the conclusions we draw from it…

Normalizing flows are a popular class of models for approximating probability distributions. However, their invertible nature limits their ability to model target distributions whose support have a complex topological structure, such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-25 Vincent Stimper , Bernhard Schölkopf , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

A generalized understanding of protein dynamics is an unsolved scientific problem, the solution of which is critical to the interpretation of the structure-function relationships that govern essential biological processes. Here, we approach…

Molecular discovery within the vast chemical space remains a significant challenge due to the immense number of possible molecules and limited scalability of conventional screening methods. To approach chemical space exploration more…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Luis J. Walter , Tristan Bereau

We present a ``coarse molecular dynamics'' approach and apply it to studying the kinetics and thermodynamics of a peptide fragment dissolved in water. Short bursts of appropriately initialized simulations are used to infer the deterministic…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Gerhard Hummer , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis

Coarse-graining or model reduction is a term describing a range of approaches used to extend the time-scale of molecular simulations by reducing the number of degrees of freedom. In the context of molecular simulation, standard…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Thomas Hudson , Xingjie Helen Li

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in incorporating neural networks into particle filters, e.g. differentiable particle filters, to perform joint sequential state estimation and model learning for non-linear non-Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xiongjie Chen , Yunpeng Li

Many systems in physics, engineering, and biology exhibit multiscale stochastic dynamics, where low-dimensional slow variables evolve under the influence of high-dimensional fast processes. In practice, observations are often limited to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Anan Saha , Arnab Ganguly

We present an alternative to reweighting techniques for modifying distributions to account for a desired change in an underlying conditional distribution, as is often needed to correct for mis-modelling in a simulated sample. We employ…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-01 Malte Algren , Tobias Golling , Manuel Guth , Chris Pollard , John Andrew Raine

By reducing resolution, coarse-grained models greatly accelerate molecular simulations, unlocking access to long-timescale phenomena, though at the expense of microscopic information. Recovering this fine-grained detail is essential for…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Sander Hummerich , Tristan Bereau , Ullrich Köthe

Simulation-free training frameworks have been at the forefront of the generative modelling revolution in continuous spaces, leading to large-scale diffusion and flow matching models. However, such modern generative models suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Danyal Rehman , Oscar Davis , Jiarui Lu , Jian Tang , Michael Bronstein , Yoshua Bengio , Alexander Tong , Avishek Joey Bose

Extracting consistent statistics between relevant free-energy minima of a molecular system is essential for physics, chemistry and biology. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can aid in this task but are computationally expensive,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-04-17 Ana Molina-Taborda , Pilar Cossio , Olga Lopez-Acevedo , Marylou Gabrié

The Boltzmann distribution of a protein provides a roadmap to all of its functional states. Normalizing flows are a promising tool for modeling this distribution, but current methods are intractable for typical pharmacological targets; they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Joseph C. Kim , David Bloore , Karan Kapoor , Jun Feng , Ming-Hong Hao , Mengdi Wang