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Several membership inference (MI) attacks have been proposed to audit a target DNN. Given a set of subjects, MI attacks tell which subjects the target DNN has seen during training. This work focuses on the post-training MI attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Hassan Ali , Adnan Qayyum , Ala Al-Fuqaha , Junaid Qadir

Machine Learning (ML) has made unprecedented progress in the past several decades. However, due to the memorability of the training data, ML is susceptible to various attacks, especially Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), the objective of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Shuhao Li , Yajie Wang , Yuanzhang Li , Yu-an Tan

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a data sample was included in a machine learning (ML) model's training set and have become the de facto standard for measuring privacy leakages in ML. We propose an evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Najeeb Jebreel , David Sánchez , Josep Domingo-Ferrer

Membership Inference Attacks (MIA) aim to infer whether a target data record has been utilized for model training or not. Existing MIAs designed for large language models (LLMs) can be bifurcated into two types: reference-free and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Wenjie Fu , Huandong Wang , Chen Gao , Guanghua Liu , Yong Li , Tao Jiang

While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) excel in many tasks, the huge training resources they require become an obstacle for practitioners to develop their own models. It has become common to collect data from the Internet or hire a third party…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Pengfei Xia , Hongjing Niu , Ziqiang Li , Bin Li

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), commonly mimicking neurons with non-linear functions to output floating-point numbers, consistently receive the same signals of a data point during its forward time. Unlike ANNs, Spiking Neural Networks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jiaxin Li , Gorka Abad , Stjepan Picek , Mauro Conti

Split DNNs enable edge devices by offloading intensive computation to a cloud server, but this paradigm exposes privacy vulnerabilities, as the intermediate features can be exploited to reconstruct the private inputs via Feature Inversion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Zhihan Ren , Lijun He , Jiaxi Liang , Xinzhu Fu , Haixia Bi , Fan Li

Model extraction attacks (MEAs) enable an attacker to replicate the functionality of a victim deep neural network (DNN) model by only querying its API service remotely, posing a severe threat to the security and integrity of pay-per-query…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Di Mi , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang , Shengshan Hu , Qi Zhong , Haizhuan Yuan , Shirui Pan

In recent times, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been successfully adopted for various applications. Despite their notable achievements, it has become evident that DNNs are vulnerable to sophisticated adversarial attacks, restricting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Alik Pramanick , Mayank Bansal , Utkarsh Srivastava , Suklav Ghosh , Arijit Sur

Split learning enables collaborative deep learning model training while preserving data privacy and model security by avoiding direct sharing of raw data and model details (i.e., sever and clients only hold partial sub-networks and exchange…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Chengyu Wang , Wenmeng Zhou , Jun Huang

This paper introduces a novel approach to membership inference attacks (MIA) targeting stable diffusion computer vision models, specifically focusing on the highly sophisticated Stable Diffusion V2 by StabilityAI. MIAs aim to extract…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Thomas Cilloni , Charles Fleming , Charles Walter

Membership inference attacks (MIA) attempt to verify the membership of a given data sample in the training set for a model. MIA has become relevant in recent years, following the rapid development of large language models (LLM). Many are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Haritz Puerto , Martin Gubri , Sangdoo Yun , Seong Joon Oh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance in generating high-quality tabular synthetic data. In practice, two primary approaches have emerged for adapting LLMs to tabular data generation: (i) fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joshua Ward , Bochao Gu , Chi-Hua Wang , Guang Cheng

Transfer learning has become an increasingly popular technique in machine learning as a way to leverage a pretrained model trained for one task to assist with building a finetuned model for a related task. This paradigm has been especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 John Abascal , Stanley Wu , Alina Oprea , Jonathan Ullman

Person re-identification (Re-ID) poses a unique challenge to deep learning: how to learn a deep model with millions of parameters on a small training set of few or no labels. In this paper, a number of deep transfer learning models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Mengyue Geng , Yaowei Wang , Tao Xiang , Yonghong Tian

Machine learning models leak information about the datasets on which they are trained. An adversary can build an algorithm to trace the individual members of a model's training dataset. As a fundamental inference attack, he aims to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-17 Milad Nasr , Reza Shokri , Amir Houmansadr

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been driven by extensive datasets that may contain sensitive information, raising serious privacy concerns. One notable threat is the Membership Inference Attack (MIA), where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yihan Liao , Jacky Keung , Xiaoxue Ma , Jingyu Zhang , Yicheng Sun

Membership inference attacks aim to infer whether a data record has been used to train a target model by observing its predictions. In sensitive domains such as healthcare, this can constitute a severe privacy violation. In this work we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Tomas Chobola , Dmitrii Usynin , Georgios Kaissis

The vulnerability of machine learning models to Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) has garnered considerable attention in recent years. These attacks determine whether a data sample belongs to the model's training set or not. Recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Yu He , Boheng Li , Yao Wang , Mengda Yang , Juan Wang , Hongxin Hu , Xingyu Zhao

Fine-tuned language models pose significant privacy risks, as they may memorize and expose sensitive information from their training data. Membership inference attacks (MIAs) provide a principled framework for auditing these risks, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 David Ilić , David Stanojević , Kostadin Cvejoski