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Related papers: On the Choice of Loss Function in Learning-based O…

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To address computational challenges associated with power flow nonconvexities, significant research efforts over the last decade have developed convex relaxations and approximations of optimal power flow (OPF) problems. However, benefits…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-24 Babak Taheri , Daniel K. Molzahn

The loss function used to train a neural network is strongly connected to its output layer from a statistical point of view. This technical report analyzes common activation functions for a neural network output layer, like linear, sigmoid,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Fernando Berzal

Recent work has proposed machine learning (ML) approaches as fast surrogates for solving AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF), with claims of significant speed-ups and high accuracy. In this paper, we revisit these claims through a systematic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Oluwatomisin I. Dada , Neil D. Lawrence

Increasing levels of renewable generation motivate a growing interest in data-driven approaches for AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) to manage uncertainty; however, a lack of disciplined dataset creation and benchmarking prohibits useful…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-19 Trager Joswig-Jones , Kyri Baker , Ahmed S. Zamzam

In most machine learning training paradigms a fixed, often handcrafted, loss function is assumed to be a good proxy for an underlying evaluation metric. In this work we assess this assumption by meta-learning an adaptive loss function to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Chen Huang , Shuangfei Zhai , Walter Talbott , Miguel Angel Bautista , Shih-Yu Sun , Carlos Guestrin , Josh Susskind

Despite significant economic and ecological effects, a higher level of renewable energy generation leads to increased uncertainty and variability in power injections, thus compromising grid reliability. In order to improve power grid…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-24 Aleksander Lukashevich , Vyacheslav Gorchakov , Petr Vorobev , Deepjyoti Deka , Yury Maximov

Alternative current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problems have been studied for over fifty years, and yet the development of an optimal algorithm to solve them remains a hot and challenging topic for researchers because of their nonlinear and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Meng Zhao , Masoud Barati

In supervised machine learning, the choice of loss function implicitly assumes a particular noise distribution over the data. For example, the frequently used mean squared error (MSE) loss assumes a Gaussian noise distribution. The choice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Thamsanqa Mlotshwa , Heinrich van Deventer , Anna Sergeevna Bosman

The growing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), electric vehicles (EVs), and heat pumps (HPs) in distribution networks underscores the need for secure, computationally efficient optimal power flow (OPF) solutions.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Savvas Panagi , Chrysovalantis Spanias , Petros Aristidou

Modern state and parameter estimations in power systems consist of two stages: the outer problem of minimizing the mismatch between network observation and prediction over the network parameters, and the inner problem of predicting the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-29 Laurent Pagnier , Michael Chertkov

Virtually all machine learning tasks are characterized using some form of loss function, and "good performance" is typically stated in terms of a sufficiently small average loss, taken over the random draw of test data. While optimizing for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-01 Matthew J. Holland , Kazuki Tanabe

Though the convex optimization has been widely used in power systems, it still cannot guarantee to yield a tight (accurate) solution to some problems. To mitigate this issue, this paper proposes an ensemble learning based convex…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-18 Ren Hu , Qifeng Li , Feng Qiu

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a central problem in the operation of electric power systems. An OPF problem optimizes a specified objective function subject to constraints imposed by both the non-linear power flow equations and engineering…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-13 Mohammad Rasoul Narimani , Daniel K. Molzahn Dan Wu , Mariesa L. Crow

Optimisation and simulation models for the design and operation of grid-connected distributed energy systems (DES) often exclude the inherent nonlinearities related to power flow and generation and storage units, to maintain an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Ishanki A. De Mel , Oleksiy V. Klymenko , Michael Short

Loss functions are at the heart of deep learning, shaping how models learn and perform across diverse tasks. They are used to quantify the difference between predicted outputs and ground truth labels, guiding the optimization process to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Omar Elharrouss , Yasir Mahmood , Yassine Bechqito , Mohamed Adel Serhani , Elarbi Badidi , Jamal Riffi , Hamid Tairi

High penetration of renewable energy sources and the increasing share of stochastic loads require the explicit representation of uncertainty in tools such as the optimal power flow (OPF). Current approaches follow either a linearized…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Andreas Venzke , Lejla Halilbasic , Uros Markovic , Gabriela Hug , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

The objective of this paper is to improve the accuracy and robustness of optimal power flow (OPF) formulations for distribution systems modeled down to the low-voltage point of connection of individual buildings. An approach for addressing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Dakota Hamilton , Loraine Navarro , Dionysios Aliprantis

The construction of loss functions presents a major challenge in data-driven modeling involving weak-form operators in PDEs and gradient flows, particularly due to the need to select test functions appropriately. We address this challenge…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-16 Yuan Gao , Quanjun Lang , Fei Lu

In recent years, there has been significant interest in the development of machine learning-based optimization proxies for AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF). Although significant progress has been achieved in predicting high-quality primal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Guancheng Qiu , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Many practical planning and operational applications in power systems require simultaneous consideration of a large number of operating conditions or Multi-Scenario AC-Optimal Power Flow (MS-AC-OPF) solution. However, when the number of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-28 Vladimir Frolov , Line Roald , Michael Chertkov