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Primordial black holes (PBHs) have been brought back into the spotlight by LIGO's first direct detection of a binary-black-hole merger. One of the poorly understood properties of PBHs is how clustered they are at formation. It has important…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-28 Yacine Ali-Haïmoud

Stellar microlensing observations tightly constrain compact object dark matter in the mass range $(10^{-11} - 10^{3}) M_{\odot}$. Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) form clusters, and it has been argued that these microlensing constraints are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Matthew Gorton , Anne M. Green

The possibility that primordial black holes (PBHs) are the dark matter (or a fraction thereof) has attracted much attention recently. Their spatial clustering is a fundamental property which determines, among others, whether current…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-18 Vincent Desjacques , Antonio Riotto

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) that form from the collapse of density perturbations are more clustered than the underlying density field. In a previous paper, we showed the constraints that this has on the prospects of PBH dark matter. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 James R. Chisholm

We formulate the two-point correlation function of primordial black holes (PBHs) at their formation time, based on the functional integration approach which has often been used in the context of halo clustering. We find that PBH clustering…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-11 Teruaki Suyama , Shuichiro Yokoyama

We investigate the clustering of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) within the framework of Excursion Set Theory (EST). The EST formalism is extended to compute the joint probability of forming PBH pairs within a clustering distance, based on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-05 Hamed Kameli , Encieh Erfani

The Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are gradually involved into consideration as the phenomenon having reliable basis. We discuss here the possibility of their agglomeration into clusters that may have several prominent observable features.…

We investigate the spatial clustering properties of primordial black holes (PBHs). With minimal assumptions, we show that PBHs created in the radiation era are highly clustered. Using the peaks theory model of bias, we compute the PBH…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 James R. Chisholm

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can form from gravitational collapse of large overdensities in the early Universe, giving rise to rich phenomena in astrophysics and cosmology. We develop a novel, general, and systematic method based on theory…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Shi Pi , Misao Sasaki , Volodymyr Takhistov , Jianing Wang

Primordial Black Holes (PBH's) can form in the early Universe from the collapse of large density fluctuations. Tight observational limits on their abundance constrain the amplitude of the primordial fluctuations on very small scales which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-20 Christian T. Byrnes , Edmund J. Copeland , Anne M. Green

In the presence of the local-type primordial non-Gaussianity, it is known that the clustering of primordial black holes (PBHs) emerges even on super-horizon scales at the formation time. This effect has been investigated in the high-peak…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-03 Takahiko Matsubara , Takahiro Terada , Kazunori Kohri , Shuichiro Yokoyama

While elementary particles are the favored candidate for the elusive dark matter, primordial black holes (PBHs) have also been considered to fill that role. Gravitational microlensing is a very well-suited tool to detect and measure the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-10 Sven Heydenreich , Evencio Mediavilla , Jorge Jiménez-Vicente , Héctor Vives-Arias , Jose A. Muñoz

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a profound signature of primordial cosmological structures and provide a theoretical tool to study nontrivial physics of the early Universe. The mechanisms of PBH formation are discussed and observational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 M. Yu. Khlopov

We investigate the clustering property of primordial black holes (PBHs) in a scenario where PBHs can explain the existence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high redshifts. We analyze the angular correlation function of PBHs…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-06 Takumi Shinohara , Teruaki Suyama , Tomo Takahashi

The formation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) through the collapse of large fluctuations in the early universe is a rare event. This manifests itself, for instance, through the non-Gaussian tail of the formation probability. To compute…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-20 V. De Luca , A. Riotto

We consider the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs), during the radiation-dominated Universe, generated from the collapse of super-horizon curvature fluctuations that are overlapped with others on larger scales. Using a set of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-26 Albert Escrivà , Chul-Moon Yoo

If the primordial curvature perturbation followed a Gaussian distribution, primordial black holes (PBHs) will be Poisson distributed with no additional clustering. We consider local non-Gaussianity and its impact on the initial PBH…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-18 Sam Young , Christian T. Byrnes

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can form in the early Universe from the collapse of rare, large density fluctuations. They have never been observed, but this fact is enough to constrain the amplitude of fluctuations on very small scales which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-20 Sam Young , Christian T. Byrnes

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a compelling dark matter candidate and a unique probe of small-scale cosmological fluctuations. Their formation is usually attributed to large positive curvature perturbations, which collapse upon Hubble…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-24 Cristian Joana , Zi-Yan Yuwen

A possibility of pregalactic seeds of the Active Galactic Nuclei can be a nontrivial cosmological consequence of particle theory. Such seeds can appear as Primordial Black Hole (PBH) clusters, formed in the succession of phase transitions…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-09 M. Yu. Khlopov , N. A. Chasnikov
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