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The emergence of large-scale Mixture of Experts (MoE) models represents a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, offering enhanced model capacity and computational efficiency through conditional computation. However, deploying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Jiacheng Liu , Peng Tang , Wenfeng Wang , Yuhang Ren , Xiaofeng Hou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Minyi Guo , Chao Li

Model merging enables powerful capabilities in neural networks without requiring additional training. In this paper, we introduce a novel perspective on model merging by leveraging the fundamental mechanisms of neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Haiquan Qiu , You Wu , Dong Li , Jianmin Guo , Quanming Yao

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) paradigm provides a powerful way to decompose dense layers into smaller, modular computations often more amenable to human interpretation, debugging, and editability. However, a major challenge lies in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 James Oldfield , Markos Georgopoulos , Grigorios G. Chrysos , Christos Tzelepis , Yannis Panagakis , Mihalis A. Nicolaou , Jiankang Deng , Ioannis Patras

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) models offer a scalable and efficient architecture for training large neural networks by activating only a subset of parameters ("experts") for each input. A learned router computes a distribution over these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nabil Omi , Siddhartha Sen , Ali Farhadi

Class-incremental learning (CIL) requires deep learning models to continuously acquire new knowledge from streaming data while preserving previously learned information. Recently, CIL based on pre-trained models (PTMs) has achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Linjie Li , Zhenyu Wu , Yang Ji

Dense embeddings are fundamental to modern machine learning systems, powering Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), information retrieval, and representation learning. While instruction-conditioning has become the dominant approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Miguel Romero , Shuoyang Ding , Corey D. Barret , Georgiana Dinu , George Karypis

Multi-task learning (MTL) is often achieved by merging datasets before fine-tuning, but the growing availability of fine-tuned models has led to new approaches such as model merging via task arithmetic. A major challenge in this setting is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Brahim Touayouch , Loïc Fosse , Géraldine Damnati , Gwénolé Lecorvé

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great promise in multilingual machine translation (MT), even with limited bilingual supervision. However, fine-tuning LLMs with parallel corpora presents major challenges, namely parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bo Li , Tianyu Dong , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

The success of pretrain-finetune paradigm brings about the release of numerous model weights. In this case, merging models finetuned on different tasks to enable a single model with multi-task capabilities is gaining increasing attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Chenyu Huang , Peng Ye , Tao Chen , Tong He , Xiangyu Yue , Wanli Ouyang

Model merging is a flexible and computationally tractable approach to merge single-task checkpoints into a multi-task model. Prior work has solely focused on constrained multi-task settings where there is a one-to-one mapping between a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Juan Garcia Giraldo , Nikolaos Dimitriadis , Ke Wang , Pascal Frossard

Model merging aims to combine multiple fine-tuned models into a single set of weights that performs well across all source tasks. While prior work has shown that merging can approximate the performance of individual fine-tuned models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Mohammadsajad Alipour , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri

Recent works suggest that transformer models are capable of multi-tasking on diverse NLP tasks and adapting to new tasks efficiently. However, the potential of these multi-task models may be limited as they use the same set of parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Qinyuan Ye , Juan Zha , Xiang Ren

The recent rapid progress in (self) supervised learning models is in large part predicted by empirical scaling laws: a model's performance scales proportionally to its size. Analogous scaling laws remain elusive for reinforcement learning…

The Sparsely-Activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has gained increasing popularity for scaling up large language models (LLMs) without exploding computational costs. Despite its success, the current design faces a challenge where all experts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Manxi Sun , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Pengzhi Gao , Bin Wang

As the research of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) becomes popular, an advancing MLLM model is typically required to handle various textual and visual tasks (e.g., VQA, Detection, OCR, and ChartQA) simultaneously for real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jinqiang Long , Yanqi Dai , Guoxing Yang , Hongpeng Lin , Nanyi Fei , Yizhao Gao , Zhiwu Lu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) represents an ensemble methodology that amalgamates predictions from several specialized sub-models (referred to as experts). This fusion is accomplished through a router mechanism, dynamically assigning weights to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Jinze Zhao , Peihao Wang , Zhangyang Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models can achieve promising results with outrageous large amount of parameters but constant computation cost, and thus it has become a trend in model scaling. Still it is a mystery how MoE layers bring quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 An Yang , Junyang Lin , Rui Men , Chang Zhou , Le Jiang , Xianyan Jia , Ang Wang , Jie Zhang , Jiamang Wang , Yong Li , Di Zhang , Wei Lin , Lin Qu , Jingren Zhou , Hongxia Yang

A pivotal advancement in the progress of large language models (LLMs) is the emergence of the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) LLMs. Compared to traditional LLMs, MoE LLMs can achieve higher performance with fewer parameters, but it is still hard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Xudong Lu , Qi Liu , Yuhui Xu , Aojun Zhou , Siyuan Huang , Bo Zhang , Junchi Yan , Hongsheng Li

While large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned with lightweight adapters achieve strong performance across diverse tasks, their performance on individual tasks depends on the fine-tuning strategy. Fusing independently trained models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Sanae Lotfi , Lucas Caccia , Alessandro Sordoni , Jordan T. Ash , Miroslav Dudik

We propose a novel method to merge convolutional neural-nets for the inference stage. Given two well-trained networks that may have different architectures that handle different tasks, our method aligns the layers of the original networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Yi-Min Chou , Yi-Ming Chan , Jia-Hong Lee , Chih-Yi Chiu , Chu-Song Chen