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Residual noise photons in a readout resonator become a major source of dephasing for a superconducting qubit when the resonator is optimized for a fast, high-fidelity dispersive readout. Here, we propose and demonstrate a nonlinear Purcell…

Building error-corrected quantum computers relies crucially on measuring and modeling noise on candidate devices. In particular, optimal error correction requires knowing the noise that occurs in the device as it executes the circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-11 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

Measurement is an essential component of robust and practical quantum computation. For superconducting qubits, the measurement process involves the effective manipulation of the joint qubit-resonator dynamics, and it should ideally provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Aniket Chatterjee , Jonathan Schwinger , Yvonne Y. Gao

High fidelity qubit readout is a cornerstone for quantum information protocols. In traditional superconducting qubit readout, a chain of microwave amplifiers and nonreciprocal components aid in detecting the qubit's state with tolerable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 B. T. Miller , Lindsay Orr , A. Metelmann , F. Lecocq

Quantum processors require rapid and high-fidelity simultaneous measurements of many qubits. While superconducting qubits are among the leading modalities toward a useful quantum processor, their readout remains a bottleneck. Traditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Robert Kent , Benjamin Lienhard , Gregory Lafyatis , Daniel J. Gauthier

We analyze the dispersive readout of superconducting charge and flux qubits as a quantum measurement process. The measurement oscillator frequency is considered much lower than the qubit frequency. This regime is interesting because large…

Superconductivity · Physics 2015-06-25 L. Tornberg , G. Johansson

The dispersive-readout scheme enables quantum nondemolition measurement of superconducting qubits. An increased readout power can shorten the readout time and reduce the state discrimination error but can promote qubit transitions into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-12 Konstantin N. Nesterov , Ivan V. Pechenezhskiy

Open quantum systems can undergo dissipative phase transitions, and their critical behavior can be exploited in sensing applications. For example, it can be used to enhance the fidelity of superconducting qubit readout measurements, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-13 Enrico Rinaldi , Roberto Di Candia , Simone Felicetti , Fabrizio Minganti

We introduce a frequency-multiplexed readout scheme for superconducting phase qubits. Using a quantum circuit with four phase qubits, we couple each qubit to a separate lumped-element superconducting readout resonator, with the readout…

We examine the non-stationary evolution of a coupled qubit-transmission line-resonator system coupled to an external drive and the resonator environment. By solving the equation for a non-stationary resonator field, we determined the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 G. P. Berman , A. A. Chumak , V. I. Tsifrinovich

Fault-tolerant quantum information processing with flawed qubits and gates requires highly efficient, quantum non-demolition (QND) qubit readout. In superconducting circuits, qubit readout using coherent light with fidelity above 99% has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-09 G. Liu , X. Cao , T. -C. Chien , C. Zhou , P. Lu , M. Hatridge

In dispersive readout schemes, qubit-induced nonlinearity typically limits the measurement fidelity by reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when the measurement power is increased. Contrary to seeing the nonlinearity as a problem, here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-08 Maxime Boissonneault , J. M. Gambetta , Alexandre Blais

Fast and high-fidelity qubit measurement is essential for realizing quantum error correction, which is in turn a key ingredient to universal quantum computing. For electron spin qubits, fast readout is one of the significant road blocks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-15 Chon-Fai Kam , Xuedong Hu

A superconducting flux qubit is inductively coupled to a Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometer, capacitively shunted to form a 1.294-GHz resonator. The qubit-state-dependent resonator frequency is weakly probed…

Superconductivity · Physics 2012-03-07 J. E. Johnson , E. M. Hoskinson , C. Macklin , D. H. Slichter , I. Siddiqi , John Clarke

Readout of the state of a superconducting qubit by homodyne detection of the output signal from a dispersively coupled microwave resonator is a common technique in circuit quantum electrodynamics, and is often claimed to be quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-11 Luke C. G. Govia , Frank K. Wilhelm

Dispersive readout is widely used to perform high-fidelity measurement of superconducting qubits. Much work has been focused on the qubit readout fidelity, which depends on the achievable signal-to-noise ratio and the qubit relaxation time.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Aayam Bista , Matthew Thibodeau , Ke Nie , Kaicheung Chow , Bryan K. Clark , Angela Kou

Readout errors contribute significantly to the overall noise affecting present-day quantum computers. However, the complete characterization of generic readout noise is infeasible for devices consisting of a large number of qubits. Here we…

High-fidelity qubit measurements play a crucial role in quantum computation, communication, and metrology. In recent experiments, it has been shown that readout fidelity may be improved by performing repeated quantum non-demolition (QND)…

Qubit measurement is generally the most error-prone operation that degrades the performance of near-term quantum devices, and the exponential decay of readout fidelity severely impedes the development of large-scale quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Yun-Fei Niu , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

In addition to the need for stable and precisely controllable qubits, quantum computers take advantage of good readout schemes. Superconducting qubit states can be inferred from the readout signal transmitted through a dispersively coupled…