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Federated learning (FL) is a useful tool in distributed machine learning that utilizes users' local datasets in a privacy-preserving manner. When deploying FL in a constrained wireless environment; however, training models in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Jake Perazzone , Shiqiang Wang , Mingyue Ji , Kevin Chan

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising machine learning approach for Internet of Things (IoT), but it has to address network congestion problems when the population of IoT devices grows. Hierarchical FL (HFL) alleviates this issue by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Tinghao Zhang , Kwok-Yan Lam , Jun Zhao

In this paper, we consider federated learning (FL) over a noisy fading multiple access channel (MAC), where an edge server aggregates the local models transmitted by multiple end devices through over-the-air computation (AirComp). To…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Shuhao Xia , Jingyang Zhu , Yuhan Yang , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi , Wei Chen

Over-the-air (OTA) federated learning (FL) has been well recognized as a scalable paradigm that exploits the waveform superposition of the wireless multiple-access channel to aggregate model updates in a single use. Existing OTA-FL designs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Muhammad Faraz Ul Abrar , Nicolò Michelusi

Federated learning (FL) offers a solution to train a global machine learning model while still maintaining data privacy, without needing access to data stored locally at the clients. However, FL suffers performance degradation when client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Zihan Chen , Kai Fong Ernest Chong , Tony Q. S. Quek

In this paper, we develop an orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM)-based over-the-air (OTA) aggregation solution for wireless federated learning (FL). In particular, the local gradients in massive IoT devices are modulated by an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-28 Huayan Guo , Yifan Zhu , Haoyu Ma , Vincent K. N. Lau , Kaibin Huang , Xiaofan Li , Huabin Nong , Mingyu Zhou

Over-the-air (OTA) federated learning (FL) effectively utilizes communication bandwidth, yet it is vulnerable to errors during analog aggregation. While removing users with unfavorable channel conditions can mitigate these errors, it also…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Yang Zhao , Minrui Xu , Ping Wang , Dusit Niyato

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging learning framework that enables edge devices to collaboratively train ML models without sharing their local data. FL faces, however, a significant challenge due to the high amount of information that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Mohamad Assaad , Zeinab Nehme , Merouane Debbah

Federated learning (FL) leverages client-server communications to train global models on decentralized data. However, communication noise or errors can impair model accuracy. To address this problem, we propose a novel FL algorithm that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Ehsan Lari , Reza Arablouei , Vinay Chakravarthi Gogineni , Stefan Werner

Privacy and bandwidth constraints have led to the use of federated learning (FL) in wireless systems, where training a machine learning (ML) model is accomplished collaboratively without sharing raw data. While using bandwidth-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Ayush Madhan-Sohini , Divin Dominic , Nazreen Shah , Ranjitha Prasad

This paper investigates an over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL) system that employs fluid antennas (FAs) at an access point. The system enhances learning performance by leveraging the additional degrees of freedom provided by antenna…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-04 Mohsen Ahmadzadeh , Saeid Pakravan , Ghosheh Abed Hodtani , Ming Zeng , Jean-Yves Chouinard , Leslie A. Rusch

In this paper, we propose a device scheduling scheme for differentially private over-the-air federated learning (DP-OTA-FL) systems, referred to as S-DPOTAFL, where the privacy of the participants is guaranteed by channel noise. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-15 Na Yan , Kezhi Wang , Cunhua Pan , Kok Keong Chai

Motivated by the increasing computational capacity of wireless user equipments (UEs), e.g., smart phones, tablets, or vehicles, as well as the increasing concerns about sharing private data, a new machine learning model has emerged, namely…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Howard H. Yang , Zuozhu Liu , Tony Q. S. Quek , H. Vincent Poor

To enable wireless federated learning (FL) in communication resource-constrained networks, two communication schemes, i.e., digital and analog ones, are effective solutions. In this paper, we quantitatively compare these two techniques,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jiacheng Yao , Wei Xu , Zhaohui Yang , Xiaohu You , Mehdi Bennis , H. Vincent Poor

Federated Learning (FL) has recently received a lot of attention for large-scale privacy-preserving machine learning. However, high communication overheads due to frequent gradient transmissions decelerate FL. To mitigate the communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Milad Khademi Nori , Sangseok Yun , Il-Min Kim

Over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL) is an emerging technique to reduce the computation and communication overload at the PS caused by the orthogonal transmissions of the model updates in conventional federated learning (FL). This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Saba Asaad , Hina Tabassum , Chongjun Ouyang , Ping Wang

We study over-the-air (OTA) federated learning (FL) for energy harvesting devices with heterogeneous data distribution over wireless fading multiple access channel (MAC). To address the impact of low energy arrivals and data heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Furkan Bagci , Busra Tegin , Mohammad Kazemi , Tolga M. Duman

Federated learning (FL) with over-the-air computation efficiently utilizes the communication resources, but it can still experience significant latency when each device transmits a large number of model parameters to the server. This paper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Chong Zhang , Min Dong , Ben Liang , Ali Afana , Yahia Ahmed

The proliferation of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and cloud-computing applications over siloed data centers is motivating renewed interest in the collaborative training of a shared model by multiple individual clients via federated…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Hong Xing , Osvaldo Simeone , Suzhi Bi

Federated learning (FL) enables on-device training over distributed networks consisting of a massive amount of modern smart devices, such as smartphones and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. However, the leading optimization algorithm in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xin Yao , Tianchi Huang , Chenglei Wu , Rui-Xiao Zhang , Lifeng Sun