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The thin-file borrowers are customers for whom a creditworthiness assessment is uncertain due to their lack of credit history; many researchers have used borrowers' relationships and interactions networks in the form of graphs as an…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Ricardo Muñoz-Cancino , Cristián Bravo , Sebastián A. Ríos , Manuel Graña

Compared to consumer lending, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (mSME) credit risk modelling is particularly challenging, as, often, the same sources of information are not available. Therefore, it is standard policy for a loan officer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Matthew Stevenson , Christophe Mues , Cristián Bravo

In financial credit scoring, loan applications may be approved or rejected. We can only observe default/non-default labels for approved samples but have no observations for rejected samples, which leads to missing-not-at-random selection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Qiang Liu , Yingtao Luo , Shu Wu , Zhen Zhang , Xiangnan Yue , Hong Jin , Liang Wang

Credit scoring is an essential tool used by global financial institutions and credit lenders for financial decision making. In this paper, we introduce a new method based on Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to forecast the probability of…

General Economics · Economics 2020-11-17 Hamidreza Arian , Seyed Mohammad Sina Seyfi , Azin Sharifi

Despite impressive advancements in Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS), navigation in complex road conditions remains a challenging problem. There is considerable evidence that evaluating the subjective risk level of various decisions can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Shih-Yuan Yu , Arnav V. Malawade , Deepan Muthirayan , Pramod P. Khargonekar , Mohammad A. Al Faruque

In this work we build a stack of machine learning models aimed at composing a state-of-the-art credit rating and default prediction system, obtaining excellent out-of-sample performances. Our approach is an excursion through the most recent…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-08-05 A. R. Provenzano , D. Trifirò , A. Datteo , L. Giada , N. Jean , A. Riciputi , G. Le Pera , M. Spadaccino , L. Massaron , C. Nordio

Banks are important for the development of economies in any financial ecosystem through consumer and business loans. Lending, however, presents risks; thus, banks have to determine the applicant's financial position to reduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 F M Ahosanul Haque , Md. Mahedi Hassan

We propose the joint graph attention neural network (GAT), clustering with adaptive neighbors (CAN) and probabilistic graphical model for dynamic power flow analysis and fault characteristics. In fact, computational efficiency is the main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Tan Le , Van Le

We develop a deep learning model of multi-period mortgage risk and use it to analyze an unprecedented dataset of origination and monthly performance records for over 120 million mortgages originated across the US between 1995 and 2014. Our…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-03-13 Justin Sirignano , Apaar Sadhwani , Kay Giesecke

The rapid expansion of e-commerce and the widespread use of credit cards in online purchases and financial transactions have significantly heightened the importance of promptly and accurately detecting credit card fraud (CCF). Not only do…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-25 Mehdi Hosseini Chagahi , Niloufar Delfan , Saeed Mohammadi Dashtaki , Behzad Moshiri , Md. Jalil Piran

The digital revolution has significantly impacted financial transactions, leading to a notable increase in credit card usage. However, this convenience comes with a trade-off: a substantial rise in fraudulent activities. Traditional machine…

Online leading has disrupted the traditional consumer banking sector with more effective loan processing. Risk prediction and monitoring is critical for the success of the business model. Traditional credit score models fall short in…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-07-18 Xiaojiao Yu

Financial transaction fraud prevention faces challenges such as complex relationship structures, concealed behavioral patterns, and dynamically changing data distribution. Discrimination models relying solely on independent sample features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yunfei Nie , Jiawei Wang , Ruobing Yan , Yuhan Wang , Zouxiaowei Ma , Yilun Wu

We propose a semi-structured discrete-time multi-state model to analyse mortgage delinquency transitions. This model combines an easy-to-understand structured additive predictor, which includes linear effects and smooth functions of time…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-30 Victor Medina-Olivares , Wangzhen Xia , Stefan Lessmann , Nadja Klein

In the realm of globalized financial markets, commercial banks are confronted with an escalating magnitude of credit risk, thereby imposing heightened requisites upon the security of bank assets and financial stability. This study harnesses…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-31 Yu Cheng , Qin Yang , Liyang Wang , Ao Xiang , Jingyu Zhang

Banks are interested in evaluating the risk of the financial distress before giving out a loan. Many researchers proposed the use of models based on the Neural Networks in order to help the banker better make a decision. The objective of…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2013-11-19 Younes Boujelbène , Sihem Khemakhem

This paper presents PDx, an adaptive, machine learning operations (MLOps) driven decision system for forecasting credit risk using probability of default (PD) modeling in digital lending. While conventional PD models prioritize predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sultan Amed , Chan Yu Hang , Sayantan Banerjee

Agencies such as Standard & Poor's and Moody's provide bank credit ratings that influence economic stability and decision-making by stakeholders. Accurate and timely predictions support informed decision-making, regulatory actions, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Junyi Liu , Stanley Kok

Graph representation learning methods have been widely adopted in financial applications to enhance company representations by leveraging inter-firm relationships. However, current approaches face three key challenges: (1) The advantages of…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-04 Yingjie Niu , Mingchuan Zhao , Valerio Poti , Ruihai Dong

We study the incentives of banks in a financial network, where the network consists of debt contracts and credit default swaps (CDSs) between banks. One of the most important questions in such a system is the problem of deciding which of…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-02-19 Pál András Papp , Roger Wattenhofer