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Automatic evaluation metrics are essential for the rapid development of open-domain dialogue systems as they facilitate hyper-parameter tuning and comparison between models. Although recently proposed trainable conversation-level metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Sarik Ghazarian , Nuan Wen , Aram Galstyan , Nanyun Peng

While Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have advanced audio captioning, robust evaluation remains difficult. Reference-based metrics are expensive and often fail to assess acoustic fidelity, while Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Insung Lee , Taeyoung Jeong , Haejun Yoo , Du-Seong Chang , Myoung-Wan Koo

General audio source separation is a key capability for multimodal AI systems that can perceive and reason about sound. Despite substantial progress in recent years, existing separation models are either domain-specific, designed for fixed…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Bowen Shi , Andros Tjandra , John Hoffman , Helin Wang , Yi-Chiao Wu , Luya Gao , Julius Richter , Matt Le , Apoorv Vyas , Sanyuan Chen , Christoph Feichtenhofer , Piotr Dollár , Wei-Ning Hsu , Ann Lee

A fundamental characteristic of audio is its compositional nature. Audio-language models (ALMs) trained using a contrastive approach (e.g., CLAP) that learns a shared representation between audio and language modalities have improved…

Conventional audio equalization is a static process that requires manual and cumbersome adjustments to adapt to changing listening contexts (e.g., mood, location, or social setting). In this paper, we introduce a Large Language Model…

Active learning (AL) seeks to reduce annotation costs by selecting the most informative samples for labeling, making it particularly valuable in resource-constrained settings. However, traditional evaluation methods, which focus solely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Julia Machnio , Mads Nielsen , Mostafa Mehdipour Ghazi

Audio-language models (ALMs) excel in zero-shot audio classification, a task where models classify previously unseen audio clips at test time by leveraging descriptive natural language prompts. We introduce TSPE (Task-Specific Prompt…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Nishit Anand , Ashish Seth , Ramani Duraiswami , Dinesh Manocha

Due to recent advancements in Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) that demonstrate remarkable performance across a range of sound-, speech- and music-related tasks, there is a growing interest in proposing benchmarks to assess these models.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Jingru Lin , Chen Zhang , Tianrui Wang , Haizhou Li

Processing long-form audio is a major challenge for Large Audio Language models (LALMs). These models struggle with the quadratic cost of attention ($O(N^2)$) and with modeling long-range temporal dependencies. Existing audio benchmarks are…

Although current large audio language models (LALMs) extend text large language models (LLMs) with generic acoustic understanding abilities, they usually suffer from prompt sensitivity, where different instructions of the same intention can…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Yiwei Guo , Bohan Li , Hankun Wang , Zhihan Li , Shuai Wang , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) demonstrate impressive performance across diverse tasks, ranging from speech recognition to general audio understanding. However, their scalability is limited by the quadratic complexity of attention and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Saurabhchand Bhati , Samuel Thomas , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass

While contemporary speech separation technologies adeptly process lengthy mixed audio waveforms, they are frequently challenged by the intricacies of real-world environments, including noisy and reverberant settings, which can result in…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhaoxi Mu , Xinyu Yang , Gang Wang

An ideal multimodal agent should be aware of the quality of its input modalities. Recent advances have enabled large language models (LLMs) to incorporate auditory systems for handling various speech-related tasks. However, most audio LLMs…

Recent multi-modal audio-language models (ALMs) excel at text-audio retrieval but struggle with frame-wise audio understanding. Prior works use temporal-aware labels or unsupervised training to improve frame-wise capabilities, but they…

We propose a general feedback-driven retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) approach that leverages Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) to address the missing or imperfect synthesis of specific sound events in text-to-audio (TTA) generation.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Junqi Zhao , Chenxing Li , Jinzheng Zhao , Rilin Chen , Dong Yu , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

Recent advances in the audio language modeling (ALM) domain tackle audio understanding and text-to-audio generation as separate tasks. Very few studies attempt to unify these tasks -- an essential step toward advanced multimodal reasoning.…

Audio Language Models (ALMs) have recently shown strong capabilities in unified reasoning over speech, sound, and natural language; yet they inherit behavioral issues observed in Large Language Models, including sycophancy--the tendency to…

As audio-first agents become increasingly common in physical AI, conversational robots, and screenless wearables, audio large language models (audio-LLMs) must integrate speaker-specific understanding to support user authorization,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-15 KiHyun Nam , Jungwoo Heo , Siu Bae , Ha-Jin Yu , Joon Son Chung

Audio-Language Models (ALM) aim to be general-purpose audio models by providing zero-shot capabilities at test time. The zero-shot performance of ALM improves by using suitable text prompts for each domain. The text prompts are usually…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Soham Deshmukh , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj

Large audio language models (LALMs) leverage multimodal representations to generate open-ended answers to natural language queries about audio. In this paper, we (1) provide empirical evidence that assessment of LALMs using the popular…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Daniel Chenyu Lin , Michael Freeman , John Thickstun