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We introduce EmbeddingGemma, a new lightweight, open text embedding model based on the Gemma 3 language model family. Our innovative training recipe strategically captures knowledge from larger models via encoder-decoder initialization and…

We study covering numbers of subsets of the symmetric group $S_n$ that exhibit closure under conjugation, known as \emph{normal} sets. We show that for any $\epsilon>0$, there exists $n_0$ such that if $n>n_0$ and $A$ is a normal subset of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Nathan Keller , Noam Lifshitz , Ohad Sheinfeld

Despite their impressive performance on diverse tasks, neural networks fail catastrophically in the presence of adversarial inputs---imperceptibly but adversarially perturbed versions of natural inputs. We have witnessed an arms race…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Aditi Raghunathan , Jacob Steinhardt , Percy Liang

We investigate the $\sigma$-porosity of certain known ideals of subsets of natural numbers. Porosity is a notion of smallness in metric spaces that is stronger than nowhere density. Analogously, $\sigma$-porosity is a strengthening of…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Paweł Klinga , Andrzej Nowik , Anna Wąsik

This paper is part of a program initiated by Saharon Shelah to extend the model theory of first order logic to the non-elementary setting of abstract elementary classes (AECs). An abstract elementary class is a semantic generalization of…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-04-13 Monica M. VanDieren , Sebastien Vasey

Skewed probit regression is but one example of a statistical model that generalizes a simpler model, like probit regression. All skew-symmetric distributions and link functions arise from symmetric distributions by incorporating a skewness…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-22 Janet van Niekerk , Haavard Rue

We develop the novel machinery of smooth approximations, and apply it to confirm the CSP dichotomy conjecture for first-order reducts of the random tournament, various homogeneous graphs including the random graph, and for expansions of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Antoine Mottet , Michael Pinsker

Deep Metric Learning (DML) models rely on strong representations and similarity-based measures with specific loss functions. Proxy-based losses have shown great performance compared to pair-based losses in terms of convergence speed.…

We derive cosmological soft theorems for solids coupled to gravity. To this end, we first derive all cosmological adiabatic modes for solids, which display the interesting novelty of non-vanishing anisotropic stresses on large scales. Then,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-12 Enrico Pajer , Sadra Jazayeri , Drian van der Woude

A careful study is made of embeddings of posets which have a convex range. We observe that such embeddings share nice properties with the homomorphisms of more restrictive categories; for example, we show that every order embedding between…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 James Hirschorn

It was shown by F. Low in the 1950s that the subleading terms of soft photon S-matrix elements obey a universal linear relation. In this paper we give a new interpretation to this old relation, for the case of massless QED, as an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-09-17 Vyacheslav Lysov , Sabrina Pasterski , Andrew Strominger

Soft factorization has been shown to hold to sub-leading order in QED and to sub-sub-leading order in perturbative quantum gravity, with various loop and non-universal corrections that can be found. Here we show that all terms factorizing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-06 Colby DeLisle , Jordan Wilson-Gerow , Philip Stamp

We introduce a generic technique to obtain linear relaxations of semidefinite programs with provable guarantees based on the commutativity of the constraint and the objective matrices. We study conditions under which the optimal value of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Daniel de Roux , Robert Carr , R. Ravi

The concept of Type-2 soft sets had been proposed as a generalization of Molodstov's soft sets. In this paper some shortcomings of some existing distance measures for Type-1 soft sets have been shown and accordingly some new distance…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-12-21 Rajashi Chatterjee , P. Majumdar , S. K. Samanta

We study contact posets and show that every contact poset can be embedded into a Boolean poset with overlap contact relation. Contact posets and (nonadditive) contact semilattices have the superamalgamation property, Fra\"\i ss\'e limits…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-28 Paolo Lipparini

A line bundle with a base-point-free multiple is called semiample. I give a cohomological characterization of semiample line bundles. The result is a common generalization of the Fujita-Zariski criterion for semiampleness and the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Stefan Schroeer

We develop a bundle theory of presheaves on small categories, based on similar work by Brent Everitt and Paul Turner. For a certain set of presheaves on posets, we produce a Leray-Serre type spectral sequence that gives a reduction property…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Mihail Hurmuzov

The Softmax function is used in the final layer of nearly all existing sequence-to-sequence models for language generation. However, it is usually the slowest layer to compute which limits the vocabulary size to a subset of most frequent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Sachin Kumar , Yulia Tsvetkov

We prove bounds for the number of solutions to $$a_1 + \dots + a_k = a_1' + \dots + a_k'$$ over $N$-element sets of reals, which are sufficiently convex or near-convex. A near-convex set will be the image of a set with small additive…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-26 Peter J. Bradshaw , Brandon Hanson , Misha Rudnev

In this work, we first define relations on the fuzzy parametrized soft sets and study their properties. We also give a decision making method based on these relations. In approximate reasoning, relations on the fuzzy parametrized soft sets…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-02-12 Irfan Deli , Naim Çağman