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We present the first comprehensive study of astrometric microlensing by exotic astrophysical dark objects, focusing on two theoretically motivated models -- Q-ball and boson star. We demonstrate that these extended objects generate…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-01 Lalit Singh Bhandari , Vikram Rentala , Arun M. Thalapillil , Himanshu Verma

We use the framework of microlensing to show that observations of binary systems, such as those made by {\it Gaia}, combined with follow-up weak lensing measurements, can provide a means to probe halos of exotic matter, possibly clumped…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-11 George Pappas , Ippocratis D. Saltas , Laurent Eyer

Dark matter may be in the form of non-baryonic structures such as compact subhalos and boson stars. Structures weighing between asteroid and solar masses may be discovered via gravitational microlensing, an astronomical probe that has in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-15 Djuna Croon , David McKeen , Nirmal Raj

We investigate gravitational microlensing signals produced by a spatially extended object transiting in front of a finite-sized source star. The most interesting features arise for lens and source sizes comparable to the Einstein radius of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-28 Djuna Croon , David McKeen , Nirmal Raj , Zihui Wang

The goal of this paper is to develop a machine learning model to analyze the main gravitational lens and detect dark substructure (subhalos) within simulated images of strongly lensed galaxies. Using the technique of image segmentation, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-27 Bryan Ostdiek , Ana Diaz Rivero , Cora Dvorkin

Gravitational microlensing method is a powerful method to detect isolated black holes in the Milky Way. During a microlensing event brightness of the source increases and this feature is used by many photometric surveys to alert on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-06 I. Gezer , Ł. Wyrzykowski , P. Zieliński , G. Marton , K. Kruszyńska , K. A. Rybicki , N. Ihanec , M. Jabłońska , O. Ziółkowska

We investigate the possibility of applying machine learning techniques to images of strongly lensed galaxies to detect a low mass cut-off in the spectrum of dark matter sub-halos within the lens system. We generate lensed images of systems…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-13 Sreedevi Varma , Malcolm Fairbairn , Julio Figueroa

Microlensing imprints by typical stellar mass lenses on gravitational waves are challenging to identify in the LIGO and Virgo frequency band because such effects are weak. However, stellar mass lenses are generally embedded in lens galaxies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-01 Eungwang Seo , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

We investigate the microlensing detectability of extraterrestrial technosignatures originating from Dyson sphere \textendash like structures, such as Dyson Swarms surrounding primordial black holes (PBHs). These hypothetical swarms consist…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-17 Shant Baghram

A fraction of light scalar dark matter, especially axions, may organize into Bose-Einstein condensates, gravitationally bound clumps, "boson stars", and be present in large number in galactic halos today. We compute the expected number of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-06-22 Kohei Fujikura , Mark P. Hertzberg , Enrico D. Schiappacasse , Masahide Yamaguchi

A particular open problem in cosmology is whether dark matter on small scales is clumpy, forming gravitationally-bound halos distributed within the Galaxy. The practical difficulties inherent in testing this hypothesis stem from the fact…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-13 Francesca von Braun-Bates

We propose that extrasolar asteroid belts can be detected through their gravitational microlensing signatures. Asteroid belt + star lens systems create so-called "pseudo-caustics", regions in the source plane where the magnification…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-21 Ethan Lake , Zheng Zheng , Subo Dong

A significant fraction of non-baryonic or baryonic dark matter in galactic halos may consist of MASsive Compact Objects (MASCOs) with mass M=10^{1-4}M_{sun}. Possible candidates for such compact objects include primordial black holes or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Kaiki Taro Inoue , Masashi Chiba

When a gravitational wave signal encounters a massive object, such as a galaxy or galaxy cluster, it undergoes strong gravitational lensing, producing multiple copies of the original signal. These strongly lensed signals exhibit identical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-24 Eungwang Seo , Xikai Shan , Justin Janquart , Otto A. Hannuksela , Martin A. Hendry , Bin Hu

Tens of thousands of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing systems are expected to be discovered by the end of the decade. These will form a vast new dataset that can be used to probe subgalactic dark matter structures through its gravitational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-31 Arthur Tsang , Atınç Çağan Şengül , Cora Dvorkin

The subtle and unique imprint of dark matter substructure on extended arcs in strong lensing systems contains a wealth of information about the properties and distribution of dark matter on small scales and, consequently, about the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-25 Johann Brehmer , Siddharth Mishra-Sharma , Joeri Hermans , Gilles Louppe , Kyle Cranmer

This article reviews recent advances in the application of machine learning to weak-lensing cosmology. Weak gravitational lensing provides a unique and powerful probe of the total matter distribution in the Universe, independent of its…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-14 Masato Shirasaki

It has been shown by Paczy\'nski that gravitational microlensing is potentially a useful method for detecting the dark constituents of the halo of our galaxy, if their mass lies in the approximate domain $10^{-6} < M/M_{\odot} < 10^{-1}$.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-03 Philippe Jetzer

Detection of quasi-monochromatic, long-duration (continuous) gravitational wave radiation emitted by, e.g., asymmetric rotating neutron stars in our Galaxy requires a long observation time to distinguish it from the detector's noise. If…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-29 Sudhagar Suyamprakasam , Sreekanth Harikumar , Paweł Ciecieląg , Przemysław Figura , Michał Bejger , Marek Biesiada

Gravitational microlensing is a phenomenon that allows us to observe dark remnants of stellar evolution even if they no longer emit electromagnetic radiation. In particular, it can be useful to observe solitary neutron stars or stellar-mass…

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