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We examine counterfactual explanations for explaining the decisions made by model-based AI systems. The counterfactual approach we consider defines an explanation as a set of the system's data inputs that causally drives the decision (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Carlos Fernández-Loría , Foster Provost , Xintian Han

Detecting anomalies in energy consumption data is crucial for identifying energy waste, equipment malfunction, and overall, for ensuring efficient energy management. Machine learning, and specifically deep learning approaches, have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Mohammad Noorchenarboo , Katarina Grolinger

Explaining machine learning (ML) models using eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques has become essential to make them more transparent and trustworthy. This is especially important in high-stakes domains like healthcare, where understanding model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Felix Tempel , Daniel Groos , Espen Alexander F. Ihlen , Lars Adde , Inga Strümke

Shapley value-based methods have become foundational in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), offering theoretically grounded feature attributions through cooperative game theory. However, in practice, particularly in vision tasks, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Xiangyu Zhou , Chenhan Xiao , Yang Weng

We emphasize the importance of asking the right question when interpreting the decisions of a learning model. We discuss a natural extension of the theoretical machinery from Janzing et. al. 2020, which answers the question "Why did my…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-11 Debraj Basu

Score-based explainable machine-learning techniques are often used to understand the logic behind black-box models. However, such explanation techniques are often computationally expensive, which limits their application in time-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Amr Alkhatib , Henrik Boström , Sofiane Ennadir , Ulf Johansson

Interpretability remains a key difficulty in sentiment analysis with Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in high-stakes applications where it is crucial to comprehend the rationale behind forecasts. This research addressed this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Thivya Thogesan , Anupiya Nugaliyadde , Kok Wai Wong

With wide application of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it has become particularly important to make decisions of AI systems explainable and transparent. In this paper, we proposed a new Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Chi Zhao , Jing Liu , Elena Parilina

Deep Neural Networks are widely used in academy as well as corporate and public applications, including safety critical applications such as health care and autonomous driving. The ability to explain their output is critical for safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Florian Eilers , Xiaoyi Jiang

Explaining machine learning (ML) predictions has become crucial as ML models are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as healthcare. While SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) is widely used for model interpretability, it fails…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Woon Yee Ng , Li Rong Wang , Siyuan Liu , Xiuyi Fan

Existing feature attribution methods like SHAP often suffer from global dependence, failing to capture true local model behavior. This paper introduces VARSHAP, a novel model-agnostic local feature attribution method which uses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mateusz Gajewski , Mikołaj Morzy , Adam Karczmarz , Piotr Sankowski

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created the single biggest technology revolution the world has ever seen. For the finance sector, it provides great opportunities to enhance customer experience, democratize financial services, ensure…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-02 Branka Hadji Misheva , Joerg Osterrieder , Ali Hirsa , Onkar Kulkarni , Stephen Fung Lin

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in women. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for the survival of the patients. However, the majority of women are diagnosed in advanced stages due to the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Asif Newaz , Abdullah Taharat , Md Sakibul Islam , A. G. M. Fuad Hasan Akanda

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

The Shapley value has become a popular method to attribute the prediction of a machine-learning model on an input to its base features. The use of the Shapley value is justified by citing [16] showing that it is the \emph{unique} method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Mukund Sundararajan , Amir Najmi

Explainable AI (XAI) is the study on how humans can be able to understand the cause of a model's prediction. In this work, the problem of interest is Scene Text Recognition (STR) Explainability, using XAI to understand the cause of an STR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mark Vincent Ty , Rowel Atienza

Originally introduced in game theory, Shapley values have emerged as a central tool in explainable machine learning, where they are used to attribute model predictions to specific input features. However, computing Shapley values exactly is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Christopher Musco , R. Teal Witter

Shapley values underlie one of the most popular model-agnostic methods within explainable artificial intelligence. These values are designed to attribute the difference between a model's prediction and an average baseline to the different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Tom Heskes , Evi Sijben , Ioan Gabriel Bucur , Tom Claassen

Predictive process analytics focuses on predicting the future states of running instances of a business process. While advanced machine learning techniques have been used to increase accuracy of predictions, the resulting predictive models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Catarina Moreira , Renuka Sindhgatta

Rule-based explanations provide simple reasons explaining the behavior of machine learning classifiers at given points in the feature space. Several recent methods (Anchors, LORE, etc.) purport to generate rule-based explanations for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Brett Mullins
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