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Local climate information is crucial for impact assessment and decision-making, yet coarse global climate simulations cannot capture small-scale phenomena. Current statistical downscaling methods infer these phenomena as temporally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jonathan Schmidt , Luca Schmidt , Felix Strnad , Nicole Ludwig , Philipp Hennig

Post-processing typically takes the outputs of a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model and applies linear statistical techniques to produce improve localized forecasts, by including additional observations, or determining systematic…

Weather forecasting is a crucial yet highly challenging task. With the maturity of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the emergence of data-driven weather forecasting models has opened up a new paradigm for the development of weather forecasting…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Yi Xiao , Lei Bai , Wei Xue , Kang Chen , Tao Han , Wanli Ouyang

With a warming planet, tropical regions are expected to experience the brunt of climate change, with more intense and more volatile rainfall events. Currently, state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are known to struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Indrajit Kalita , Lucia Vilallonga , Yves Atchade

Recent years, weather forecasting has gained significant attention. However, accurately predicting weather remains a challenge due to the rapid variability of meteorological data and potential teleconnections. Current spatiotemporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yuhao Du , Hui Liu , Haoxiang Peng , Xinyuan Cheng , Chengrong Wu , Jiankai Zhang

Effective adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change require high-resolution projections to inform strategic decision-making. Conventional global climate models, which typically operate at resolutions of 150 to 200 kilometers,…

Global climate models (GCMs), typically run at ~100-km resolution, capture large-scale environmental conditions but cannot resolve convection and cloud processes at kilometer scales. Convection-permitting models offer higher-resolution…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Hungjui Yu , Lander Ver Hoef , Kristen L. Rasmussen , Imme Ebert-Uphoff

Climate system models (CSMs), through integrating cross-sphere interactions among the atmosphere, ocean, land, and cryosphere, have emerged as pivotal tools for deciphering climate dynamics and improving forecasting capabilities. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chenguang Zhou , Lei Chen , Xiaohui Zhong , Bo Lu , Hao Li , Libo Wu , Jie Wu , Jiahui Hu , Zesheng Dou , Pang-Chi Hsu , Xiaoye Zhang

We introduce a universal diffusion-based downscaling framework that lifts deterministic low-resolution weather forecasts into probabilistic high-resolution predictions without any model-specific fine-tuning. A single conditional diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Roberto Molinaro , Niall Siegenheim , Henry Martin , Mark Frey , Niels Poulsen , Philipp Seitz , Marvin Vincent Gabler

Weather extremes are a major societal and economic hazard, claiming thousands of lives and causing billions of dollars in damage every year. Under climate change, their impact and intensity are expected to worsen significantly.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Antoine Blanchard , Nishant Parashar , Boyko Dodov , Christian Lessig , Themistoklis Sapsis

In the past few years, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based weather forecasting methods have widely demonstrated strong competitiveness among the weather forecasting systems. However, these methods are insufficient for high-spatial-resolution…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Xujun Wei , Feng Zhang , Renhe Zhang , Wenwen Li , Cuiping Liu , Bin Guo , Jingwei Li , Haoyang Fu , Xu Tang

One of the guiding principles for designing AI-based weather forecasting systems is to embed physical constraints as inductive priors in the neural network architecture. A popular prior is locality, where the atmospheric data is processed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Guillaume Couairon , Christian Lessig , Anastase Charantonis , Claire Monteleoni

The advent of Large Weather Models (LWMs) has marked a turning point in data-driven forecasting, with many models now outperforming traditional numerical systems in the medium range. However, achieving stable, long-range autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Minjong Cheon

Historical observations of severe weather and simulated severe weather environments (i.e., features) from the Global Ensemble Forecast System v12 (GEFSv12) Reforecast Dataset (GEFS/R) are used in conjunction to train and test random forest…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-12-19 Aaron J. Hill , Russ S. Schumacher , Israel Jirak

Accurate wind speed and direction forecasting is paramount across many sectors, spanning agriculture, renewable energy generation, and bushfire management. However, conventional forecasting models encounter significant challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Fuling Chen , Kevin Vinsen , Arthur Filoche

Floods are the most common form of natural disaster and accurate flood forecasting is essential for early warning systems. Previous work has shown that machine learning (ML) models are a promising way to improve flood predictions when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Emil Ryd , Grey Nearing

Accurate precipitation forecasting is essential for hydrometeorological risk management, especially for anticipating extreme rainfall that can lead to flash flooding and infrastructure damage. This study introduces a diffusion-based deep…

Significant advancements in the development of machine learning (ML) models for weather forecasting have produced remarkable results. State-of-the-art ML-based weather forecast models, such as FuXi, have demonstrated superior statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Xiaohui Zhong , Lei Chen , Jun Liu , Chensen Lin , Yuan Qi , Hao Li

We present a probabilistic data-driven weather model capable of providing an ensemble of high spatial resolution realizations of 87 variables at arbitrary forecast length and ensemble size. The model uses a stretched grid, dedicating 2.5 km…

Forecasting future weather and climate is inherently difficult. Machine learning offers new approaches to increase the accuracy and computational efficiency of forecasts, but current methods are unable to accurately model uncertainty in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Yusuke Hatanaka , Yannik Glaser , Geoff Galgon , Giuseppe Torri , Peter Sadowski