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The deployment of large language models (LLMs) is often constrained by memory bandwidth, where the primary bottleneck is the cost of transferring model parameters from the GPU's global memory to its registers. When coupled with custom…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Han Guo , William Brandon , Radostin Cholakov , Jonathan Ragan-Kelley , Eric P. Xing , Yoon Kim

The Kernel Polynomial Method (KPM) is one of the fast diagonalization methods used for simulations of quantum systems in research fields of condensed matter physics and chemistry. The algorithm has a difficulty to be parallelized on a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2011-05-30 Shixun Zhang , Shinichi Yamagiwa , Masahiko Okumura , Seiji Yunoki

Deep learning hardware achieves high throughput and low power consumption by reducing computing precision and specializing in matrix multiplication. For machine learning inference, fixed-point value computation is commonplace, where the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Katsuhisa Ozaki , Rio Yokota

Quantization is a widely-used compression technology to reduce the overhead of serving large language models (LLMs) on terminal devices and in cloud data centers. However, prevalent quantization methods, such as 8-bit weight-activation or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Lian Liu , Haimeng Ren , Long Cheng , Zhaohui Xu , Yudong Pan , Mengdi Wang , Xiaowei Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a critical operation underpinning a wide range of applications in high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI). The emergence of hardware optimized for low-precision arithmetic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Qiao Zhang , Rabab Alomairy , Dali Wang , Zhuowei Gu , Qinglei Cao

Modern Neural Network (NN) architectures heavily rely on vast numbers of multiply-accumulate arithmetic operations, constituting the predominant computational cost. Therefore, this paper proposes a high-throughput, scalable and energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xuqi Zhu , Huaizhi Zhang , JunKyu Lee , Jiacheng Zhu , Chandrajit Pal , Sangeet Saha , Klaus D. McDonald-Maier , Xiaojun Zhai

General matrix-matrix multiplications with double-precision real and complex entries (DGEMM and ZGEMM) in vendor-supplied BLAS libraries are best optimized for square matrices but often show bad performance for tall & skinny matrices, which…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Dominik Ernst , Georg Hager , Jonas Thies , Gerhard Wellein

Deep learning models typically use single-precision (FP32) floating point data types for representing activations and weights, but a slew of recent research work has shown that computations with reduced-precision data types (FP16, 16-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Daya Khudia , Jianyu Huang , Protonu Basu , Summer Deng , Haixin Liu , Jongsoo Park , Mikhail Smelyanskiy

Kronecker-sparse (KS) matrices -- whose supports are Kronecker products of identity and all-ones blocks -- underpin the structure of Butterfly and Monarch matrices and offer the promise of more efficient models. However, existing GPU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Antoine Gonon , Léon Zheng , Pascal Carrivain , Quoc-Tung Le

We present an interface and an implementation of the General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) routine for multiple small matrices processed simultaneously on NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs). We focus on matrix sizes under 16. The…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Chetan Jhurani , Paul Mullowney

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance but entail significant memory and computational costs, restricting their practical deployment. While existing INT4/INT8 quantization reduces these costs, they often degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hao Zhang , Aining Jia , Weifeng Bu , Yushu Cai , Kai Sheng , Hao Chen , Xin He

Matrix multiplication is a cornerstone operation in a wide array of scientific fields, including machine learning and computer graphics. The standard algorithm for matrix multiplication has a complexity of $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$ for $n\times n$…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Afzal Ahmad , Linfeng Du , Wei Zhang

Although the matrix multiplication plays a vital role in computational linear algebra, there are few efficient solutions for matrix multiplication of the near-sparse matrices. The Sparse Approximate Matrix Multiply (SpAMM) is one of the…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Xiaoyan Liu , Yi Liu , Ming Dun , Bohong Yin , Hailong Yang , Zhongzhi Luan , Depei Qian

Scaling up the sparse matrix-vector multiplication kernel on modern Graphics Processing Units (GPU) has been at the heart of numerous studies in both academia and industry. In this article we present a novel non-parametric, self-tunable,…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2012-12-24 Xintian Yang , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Ponnuswamy Sadayappan

Despite their tremendous success and versatility, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) such as Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from inference inefficiency and rely on advanced computational infrastructure. To address these challenges and make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Mohsen Dehghankar , Mahdi Erfanian , Abolfazl Asudeh

An infinitely wide model is a weighted integration $\int \varphi(x,v) d \mu(v)$ of feature maps. This model excels at handling an infinite number of features, and thus it has been adopted to the theoretical study of deep learning. Kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-08 Sho Sonoda

Novel methods are presented in this initial study for the fusion of GPU kernels in the artificial compressibility method (ACM), using tensor product elements with constant Jacobians and flux reconstruction. This is made possible through the…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Will Trojak , Rob Watson , Freddie Witherden

Consecutive matrix multiplications are commonly used in graph neural networks and sparse linear solvers. These operations frequently access the same matrices for both reading and writing. While reusing these matrices improves data locality,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Mohammad Mahdi Salehi Dezfuli , Kazem Cheshmi

The remarkable positive impact of Deep Neural Networks on many Artificial Intelligence (AI) tasks has led to the development of various high performance algorithms as well as specialized processors and accelerators. In this paper we address…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Jie Lei , José Flich , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí

General-purpose Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpMM) is a fundamental kernel in scientific computing and deep learning. The emergence of new matrix computation units such as Tensor Cores (TCs) brings more opportunities for SpMM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Haisha Zhao , San Li , Jiaheng Wang , Chunbao Zhou , Jue Wang , Zhikuang Xin , Shunde Li , Zhiqiang Liang , Zhijie Pan , Fang Liu , Yan Zeng , Yangang Wang , Xuebin Chi