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Related papers: Bubble dynamics at the electroweak scale

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Terminal velocity reached by bubble walls in first order phase transitions is an important parameter determining both primordial gravitational-wave spectrum and production of baryon asymmetry in models of electroweak baryogenesis. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-27 Tomasz Krajewski , Marek Lewicki , Mateusz Zych

We study the velocity of bubble walls in the electroweak phase transition. For several extensions of the Standard Model, we estimate the friction and calculate the wall velocity, taking into account the hydrodynamics. We find that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-30 Ariel Megevand , Alejandro D. Sanchez

The cosmological remnants of a first-order phase transition generally depend on the perturbations that the walls of expanding bubbles originate in the plasma. Several of the formation mechanisms occur when bubbles collide and lose their…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-17 Leonardo Leitao , Ariel Megevand

The bubble wall velocity is essential for the spectra of phase-transition gravitational waves, electroweak baryogenesis and the dynamical dark matter mechanism. We perform detailed calculations of the bubble wall velocity in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-04 Siyu Jiang , Fa Peng Huang , Xiao Wang

We compute the wall velocity in the MSSM. We therefore generalize the SM equations of motion for bubble walls moving through a hot plasma at the electroweak phase transition and calculate the friction terms which describe the viscosity of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 P. John , M. G. Schmidt

We examine theoretical uncertainties in state-of-the-art calculations of the bubble wall velocity during first-order cosmological phase transitions. By utilising the software WallGo for two extensions of the Standard Model, we find several…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-01 Jorinde van de Vis , Philipp Schicho , Lauri Niemi , Benoit Laurent , Joonas Hirvonen , Oliver Gould

We present a new method to estimate terminal bubble velocities during first-order phase transitions in a plasma in local equilibrium. The method relies on calculating the extrema of a modified potential function for the scalar field…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-01 Martin Münzenberg , Carlos Tamarit

Cosmological first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) serve as comprehensive probes into our early Universe with associated generations of stochastic gravitational waves and superhorizon curvature perturbations or even primordial black holes.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-22 Zi-Yan Yuwen , Jun-Chen Wang , Shao-Jiang Wang

We present a unified description of first-order cosmological phase transition dynamics that links the phenomenological friction model employed in hydrodynamic simulations to the microscopic treatment based on Boltzmann equations. We derive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-26 Tomasz Krajewski , Marek Lewicki , Marco Merchand , Ignacy Nałęcz , Mateusz Zych

We derive the coupled dynamics between the bubble wall and the plasma from first principles using nonequilibrium quantum field theory. The commonly used equation of motion of the bubble wall in the kinetic approach is shown to be…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-08-14 Wen-Yuan Ai , Matthias Carosi , Bjorn Garbrecht , Carlos Tamarit , Miguel Vanvlasselaer

We investigate the role of large amplitude sub-critical thermal fluctuations in the dynamics of first order phase transitions. In particular, we obtain a kinetic equation for the number density of sub-critical fluctuations of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 Graciela Gelmini , Marcelo Gleiser

In standard (symmetry-breaking) first-order phase transitions, the frictional pressure on expanding bubble walls can be dominated by transition radiation -- the emission of a gauge boson with phase-dependent masses as particles present in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-14 Andrew J. Long , Bibhushan Shakya , Julia Anabell Ziegler

Extensions of the Standard Model are being considered as viable settings for a first-order electroweak phase transition which satisfy Sakharov's three conditions for the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. These extensions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-02-06 Stephan J. Huber , Miguel Sopena

We establish a first principles, systematic framework for determining the bubble wall velocity during a first order cosmological phase transition. This framework, based on non-local Kadanoff-Baym equations, incorporates both macroscopic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-21 Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf , Jiang Zhu

Using the holographic correspondence as a tool, we determine the steady-state velocity of expanding vacuum bubbles nucleated within chiral finite temperature first-order phase transitions occurring in strongly-coupled large $N$ QCD-like…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-10-06 Francesco Bigazzi , Alessio Caddeo , Tommaso Canneti , Aldo L. Cotrone

For a cosmological first-order electroweak phase transition, requiring no sphaleron washout of baryon number violating processes leads to a lower bound on the strength of the transition. The velocity of the boundary between the phases, the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-03-18 Shehu AbdusSalam , Layla Kalhor , Mohammad Javad Kazemi

We analyze Higgs condensate bubble expansion during a first-order electroweak phase transition in the early Universe. The interaction of particles with the bubble wall can be accompanied by the emission of multiple soft gauge bosons. When…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-03-17 Stefan Hoeche , Jonathan Kozaczuk , Andrew J. Long , Jessica Turner , Yikun Wang

In first-order cosmological phase transitions, the asymptotic velocity of expanding bubbles is of crucial relevance for predicting observables like the spectrum of stochastic gravitational waves, or for establishing the viability of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-03-22 Shyam Balaji , Michael Spannowsky , Carlos Tamarit

The limiting bubble wall velocity during a first-order electroweak phase transition is of interest in scenarios for electroweak baryogenesis. Khlebnikov has recently proposed an interesting method for computing this velocity based on the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-16 Peter Arnold

The study of the hydrodynamics of bubble growth in first-order phase transitions is very relevant for electroweak baryogenesis, as the baryon asymmetry depends sensitively on the bubble wall velocity, and also for predicting the size of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-20 Jose R. Espinosa , Thomas Konstandin , Jose M. No , Geraldine Servant