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Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is the cornerstone of practical Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing (FTQC), but incurs enormous resource overheads. Circuits must decompose into Clifford+T gates, and the non-transversal T gates demand costly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Archisman Ghosh , Avimita Chatterjee , Swaroop Ghosh

A CNOT circuit is the key gadget for entangling qubits in quantum computing systems. However, the qubit connectivity of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is constrained by their {limited connectivity architecture}. To improve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-03 Bujiao Wu , Xiaoyu He , Shuai Yang , Lifu Shou , Guojing Tian , Jialin Zhang , Xiaoming Sun

Quantum circuits for basic image processing functions such as bilinear interpolation are required to implement image processing algorithms on quantum computers. In this work, we propose quantum circuits for the bilinear interpolation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Edgard Muñoz-Coreas , Himanshu Thapliyal

Quantum addition circuits are considered being of two types: 1) Toffolli-adder circuits which use only classical reversible gates (CNOT and Toffoli), and 2) QFT-adder circuits based on the quantum Fourier transformation. We present the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Alexandru Paler

Efficiently implementing Clifford circuits is crucial for quantum error correction and quantum algorithms. Linear reversible circuits, equivalent to circuits composed of CNOT gates, have important applications in classical computing. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Mark Webster , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Dan E Browne

Decoherence -- in the current physical implementations of quantum computers -- makes depth reduction a vital task in quantum-circuit design. Moore and Nilsson (SIAM Journal of Computing, 2001) demonstrated that additional qubits -- known as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Jiaqing Jiang , Xiaoming Sun , Shang-Hua Teng , Bujiao Wu , Kewen Wu , Jialin Zhang

Quantum circuits for basic mathematical functions such as the square root are required to implement scientific computing algorithms on quantum computers. Quantum circuits that are based on Clifford+T gates can easily be made fault tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Edgard Muñoz-Coreas , Himanshu Thapliyal

Quantum computing carries significant potential for addressing practical problems. However, currently available quantum devices suffer from noisy quantum gates, which degrade the fidelity of executed quantum circuits. Therefore, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Ji Liu , Alvin Gonzales , Benchen Huang , Zain Hamid Saleem , Paul Hovland

Most work in quantum circuit optimization has been performed in isolation from the results of quantum fault-tolerance. Here we present a polynomial-time algorithm for optimizing quantum circuits that takes the actual implementation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 Matthew Amy , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca

In this paper, we study the close relationship between Reed-Muller codes and single-qubit phase gates from the perspective of $T$-count optimization. We prove that minimizing the number of $T$ gates in an $n$-qubit quantum circuit over CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-29 Matthew Amy , Michele Mosca

Prior work of Beverland et al. has shown that any exact Clifford+$T$ implementation of the $n$-qubit Toffoli gate must use at least $n$ $T$ gates. Here we show how to get away with exponentially fewer $T$ gates, at the cost of incurring a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 David Gosset , Robin Kothari , Chenyi Zhang

We present quantum circuits to implement an exhaustive key search for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and analyze the quantum resources required to carry out such an attack. We consider the overall circuit size, the number of qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-17 Markus Grassl , Brandon Langenberg , Martin Roetteler , Rainer Steinwandt

Optimizing the size and depth of CNOT circuits is an active area of research in quantum computing and is particularly relevant for circuits synthesized from the Clifford + T universal gate set. Although many techniques exist for finding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Alan Bu , Evan Fan , Robert Sanghyeon Joo

Multi-controlled Toffoli gates are fundamental building blocks in quantum computation, with applications in quantum arithmetic, simulation, and search algorithms. In fault-tolerant architectures, their realization is constrained by the high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Abhoy Kole , Majd Assaad , Till Schnittka , Rolf Drechsler

We introduce magic-augmented Clifford circuits -- architectures in which Clifford circuits are preceded and/or followed by constant-depth circuits of non-Clifford (``magic") gates -- as a resource-efficient way to realize approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Yuzhen Zhang , Sagar Vijay , Yingfei Gu , Yimu Bao

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

We present an algorithm for computing depth-optimal decompositions of logical operations, leveraging a meet-in-the-middle technique to provide a significant speed-up over simple brute force algorithms. As an illustration of our method we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-28 Matthew Amy , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca , Martin Roetteler

We examine the fundamental problem of constructing depth-optimum circuits for binary addition. More precisely, as in literature, we consider the following problem: Given auxiliary inputs $t_0, \dotsc, t_{m-1}$, so-called generate and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Ulrich Brenner , Anna Hermann , Jannik Silvanus

There are various gate sets that can be used to describe a quantum computation. A particularly popular gate set in the literature on quantum computing consists of arbitrary single-qubit gates and 2-qubit CNOT gates. A CNOT gate is however…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 John van de Wetering

In quantum computing the decoherence time of the qubits determines the computation time available and this time is very limited when using current hardware. In this paper we minimize the execution time (the depth) for a class of circuits…