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Evaluating long-form answers in high-stakes domains such as law or medicine remains a fundamental challenge. Standard metrics like BLEU and ROUGE fail to capture semantic correctness, and current LLM-based evaluators often reduce nuanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Fangyi Yu , Nabeel Seedat , Dasha Herrmannova , Frank Schilder , Jonathan Richard Schwarz

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in scientific domains. While they can produce reasoning-like content via methods such as chain-of-thought prompting, these outputs are typically unstructured and informal, obscuring whether…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Pengze Li , Jiaqi Liu , Junchi Yu , Lihao Liu , Mingyu Ding , Wanli Ouyang , Shixiang Tang , Xi Chen

In the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in document-level event extraction tasks, but existing methods face challenges in the design of prompts. To address this issue, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zhuoyuan Liu , Yilin Luo

Cross-lingual emotion detection allows us to analyze global trends, public opinion, and social phenomena at scale. We participated in the Explainability of Cross-lingual Emotion Detection (EXALT) shared task, achieving an F1-score of 0.6046…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Long Cheng , Qihao Shao , Christine Zhao , Sheng Bi , Gina-Anne Levow

Affective computing seeks to support the holistic development of artificial intelligence by enabling machines to engage with human emotion. Recent foundation models, particularly large language models (LLMs), have been trained and evaluated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Sree Bhattacharyya , Evgenii Kuriabov , Lucas Craig , Tharun Dilliraj , Reginald B. Adams, , Jia Li , James Z. Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in language generation and general task performance. However, their application to spoken language understanding (SLU) remains challenging, particularly for token-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shangjian Yin , Peijie Huang , Jiatian Chen , Haojing Huang , Yuhong Xu

In the era of large-scale artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in natural language processing. However, they often lack transparency and generate unreliable outputs, raising concerns about…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhenke Duan , Jiqun Pan , Jiani Tu , Xiaoyi Wang , Yanqing Wang

Event extraction has gained extensive research attention due to its broad range of applications. However, the current mainstream evaluation method for event extraction relies on token-level exact match, which misjudges numerous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yi-Fan Lu , Xian-Ling Mao , Tian Lan , Heyan Huang , Chen Xu , Xiaoyan Gao

Large language models (LLMs) sometimes appear to exhibit emotional reactions. We investigate why this is the case in Claude Sonnet 4.5 and explore implications for alignment-relevant behavior. We find internal representations of emotion…

Deep learning models have achieved remarkable success in different areas of machine learning over the past decade; however, the size and complexity of these models make them difficult to understand. In an effort to make them more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Vikram V. Ramaswamy , Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Nicole Meister , Ruth Fong , Olga Russakovsky

Emotion Support Conversation (ESC) is a crucial application, which aims to reduce human stress, offer emotional guidance, and ultimately enhance human mental and physical well-being. With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haiquan Zhao , Lingyu Li , Shisong Chen , Shuqi Kong , Jiaan Wang , Kexin Huang , Tianle Gu , Yixu Wang , Wang Jian , Dandan Liang , Zhixu Li , Yan Teng , Yanghua Xiao , Yingchun Wang

Language models (LMs) are trained on billions of tokens in an attempt to recover the true language distribution. Still, vanilla random sampling from LMs yields low quality generations. Decoding algorithms attempt to restrict the LM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kareem Ahmed , Sameer Singh

Large Language Models (LLM) like ChatGPT have significantly advanced in recent years and are now being used by the general public. As more people interact with these systems, improving our understanding of these black box models is crucial,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Nutchanon Yongsatianchot , Parisa Ghanad Torshizi , Stacy Marsella

Compositional embedding models build a representation (or embedding) for a linguistic structure based on its component word embeddings. We propose a Feature-rich Compositional Embedding Model (FCM) for relation extraction that is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-09-16 Matthew R. Gormley , Mo Yu , Mark Dredze

Compiler auto-tuning faces a dichotomy between traditional black-box search methods, which lack semantic guidance, and recent Large Language Model (LLM) approaches, which often suffer from superficial pattern matching and causal opacity. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Haolin Pan , Lianghong Huang , Jinyuan Dong , Mingjie Xing , Yanjun Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated an impressive ability to perform arithmetic and symbolic reasoning tasks, when provided with a few examples at test time ("few-shot prompting"). Much of this success can be attributed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Luyu Gao , Aman Madaan , Shuyan Zhou , Uri Alon , Pengfei Liu , Yiming Yang , Jamie Callan , Graham Neubig

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the need for robust, comprehensive, and challenging benchmarks. Yet, research on evaluating their Emotional Intelligence (EI) is considerably limited. Existing benchmarks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Sahand Sabour , Siyang Liu , Zheyuan Zhang , June M. Liu , Jinfeng Zhou , Alvionna S. Sunaryo , Juanzi Li , Tatia M. C. Lee , Rada Mihalcea , Minlie Huang

Large language models (LLMs) still grapple with complex tasks like mathematical reasoning. Despite significant efforts invested in improving prefix prompts or reasoning process, the crucial role of problem context might have been neglected.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Haoran Liao , Jidong Tian , Shaohua Hu , Hao He , Yaohui Jin

Humans can reason compositionally when presented with new tasks. Previous research shows that appropriate prompting techniques enable large language models (LLMs) to solve artificial compositional generalization tasks such as SCAN. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Andrew Drozdov , Nathanael Schärli , Ekin Akyürek , Nathan Scales , Xinying Song , Xinyun Chen , Olivier Bousquet , Denny Zhou

Multimodal emotion recognition in conversation (MERC) and multimodal emotion-cause pair extraction (MECPE) have recently garnered significant attention. Emotions are the expression of affect or feelings; responses to specific events, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Guimin Hu , Zhihong Zhu , Daniel Hershcovich , Lijie Hu , Hasti Seifi , Jiayuan Xie