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Contrastive language--audio pretraining (CLAP) has achieved remarkable success as an audio--text embedding framework, but existing approaches are limited to monaural or single-source conditions and cannot fully capture spatial information.…

Content-based music information retrieval has seen rapid progress with the adoption of deep learning. Current approaches to high-level music description typically make use of classification models, such as in auto-tagging or genre and mood…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Ilaria Manco , Emmanouil Benetos , Elio Quinton , Gyorgy Fazekas

Contrastive language-audio pretraining (CLAP) has achieved notable success in learning semantically rich audio representations and is widely adopted for various audio-related tasks. However, current CLAP models face several key limitations.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Xinhao Mei , Gael Le Lan , Haohe Liu , Zhaoheng Ni , Varun Nagaraja , Yang Liu , Yangyang Shi , Vikas Chandra

Image captioning is a fundamental task in vision-language understanding, where the model predicts a textual informative caption to a given input image. In this paper, we present a simple approach to address this task. We use CLIP encoding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Ron Mokady , Amir Hertz , Amit H. Bermano

Contrastive language-audio pre-training (CLAP) enables zero-shot (ZS) inference of audio and exhibits promising performance in several classification tasks. However, conventional audio representations are still crucial for many tasks where…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Daisuke Niizumi , Daiki Takeuchi , Yasunori Ohishi , Noboru Harada , Masahiro Yasuda , Shunsuke Tsubaki , Keisuke Imoto

Speech samples recorded in both indoor and outdoor environments are often contaminated with secondary audio sources. Most end-to-end monaural speech recognition systems either remove these background sounds using speech enhancement or train…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-04 Chaitanya Narisetty , Emiru Tsunoo , Xuankai Chang , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Michael Hentschel , Shinji Watanabe

Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining (CLAP) models are widely used for audio understanding and support modality-agnostic condition swapping in many zero-shot applications. However, their performance is heavily affected by the modality gap…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yonggang Zhu , Liting Gao , Aidong Men , Wenwu Wang

Deriving multimodal representations of audio and lexical inputs is a central problem in Natural Language Understanding (NLU). In this paper, we present Contrastive Aligned Audio-Language Multirate and Multimodal Representations (CALM), an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-09 Vin Sachidananda , Shao-Yen Tseng , Erik Marchi , Sachin Kajarekar , Panayiotis Georgiou

Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) involves generating natural language descriptions of audio content, using encoder-decoder architectures. An audio encoder produces audio embeddings fed to a decoder, usually a Transformer decoder, for…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Étienne Labbé , Thomas Pellegrini , Julien Pinquier

Zero-shot audio captioning aims at automatically generating descriptive textual captions for audio content without prior training for this task. Different from speech recognition which translates audio content that contains spoken language…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-15 Leonard Salewski , Stefan Fauth , A. Sophia Koepke , Zeynep Akata

Most existing masked audio modeling (MAM) methods learn audio representations by masking and reconstructing local spectrogram patches. However, the reconstruction loss mainly accounts for the signal-level quality of the reconstructed…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yifei Xin , Xiulian Peng , Yan Lu

Previous works show that noisy, web-crawled image-text pairs may limit vision-language pretraining like CLIP and propose learning with synthetic captions as a promising alternative. Our work continues this effort, introducing two simple yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yanqing Liu , Xianhang Li , Zeyu Wang , Bingchen Zhao , Cihang Xie

This work introduces Text2FX, a method that leverages CLAP embeddings and differentiable digital signal processing to control audio effects, such as equalization and reverberation, using open-vocabulary natural language prompts (e.g., "make…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-21 Annie Chu , Patrick O'Reilly , Julia Barnett , Bryan Pardo

Recent literature uses language to build foundation models for audio. These Audio-Language Models (ALMs) are trained on a vast number of audio-text pairs and show remarkable performance in tasks including Text-to-Audio Retrieval,…

Data-driven speech processing models usually perform well with a large amount of text supervision, but collecting transcribed speech data is costly. Therefore, we propose SpeechCLIP, a novel framework bridging speech and text through images…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Yi-Jen Shih , Hsuan-Fu Wang , Heng-Jui Chang , Layne Berry , Hung-yi Lee , David Harwath

Automated audio captioning is a cross-modal translation task that aims to generate natural language descriptions for given audio clips. This task has received increasing attention with the release of freely available datasets in recent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-28 Xinhao Mei , Xubo Liu , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

Automated Audio Captioning aims to describe the semantic content of input audio. Recent works have employed large language models (LLMs) as a text decoder to leverage their reasoning capabilities. However, prior approaches that project…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hyeongkeun Lee , Jongmin Choi , KiHyun Nam , Joon Son Chung

Automated audio captioning aims to use natural language to describe the content of audio data. This paper presents an audio captioning system with an encoder-decoder architecture, where the decoder predicts words based on audio features…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-06 Xinhao Mei , Qiushi Huang , Xubo Liu , Gengyun Chen , Jingqian Wu , Yusong Wu , Jinzheng Zhao , Shengchen Li , Tom Ko , H Lilian Tang , Xi Shao , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining (CLAP) is pre-trained to associate audio features with human language, making it a natural zero-shot classifier to recognize unseen sound categories. To adapt CLAP to downstream tasks, prior works…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-18 Yiming Li , Xiangdong Wang , Hong Liu

Speech encodes paralinguistic information such as demographics, voice quality, and health. Yet no audio foundation model supports zero-shot or out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization to these tasks. We introduce SLAP (Speaker contrastive…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Angelika Ando , Auguste Crabeil , Adrien Lesage , Rachid Riad