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Logical reasoning is a pivotal component in the field of artificial intelligence. Proof planning, particularly in contexts requiring the validation of explanation accuracy, continues to present challenges. The recent advancement of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ying Su , Mingwen Liu , Zhijiang Guo

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enhances performance of large language models, but questions remain about whether these reasoning traces faithfully reflect the internal processes of the model. We present the first comprehensive study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sriram Balasubramanian , Samyadeep Basu , Soheil Feizi

Logical reasoning is a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as it reflects their ability to derive valid conclusions from given premises. While the combination of test-time scaling with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

Tree of Thoughts (ToT) enhances Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning by structuring problem-solving as a spanning tree. However, recent methods focus on search accuracy while overlooking computational efficiency. The challenges of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yifu Ding , Wentao Jiang , Shunyu Liu , Yongcheng Jing , Jinyang Guo , Yingjie Wang , Jing Zhang , Zengmao Wang , Ziwei Liu , Bo Du , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

With recent advancements in large language models, methods like chain-of-thought prompting to elicit reasoning chains have been shown to improve results on reasoning tasks. However, tasks that require multiple steps of reasoning still pose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Olga Golovneva , Sean O'Brien , Ramakanth Pasunuru , Tianlu Wang , Luke Zettlemoyer , Maryam Fazel-Zarandi , Asli Celikyilmaz

Beam search is a go-to strategy for decoding neural sequence models. The algorithm can naturally be viewed as a subset optimization problem, albeit one where the corresponding set function does not reflect interactions between candidates.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Clara Meister , Martina Forster , Ryan Cotterell

Despite significant advancements in the general capability of large language models (LLMs), they continue to struggle with consistent and accurate reasoning, especially in complex tasks such as mathematical and code reasoning. One key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhenwen Liang , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Xiangliang Zhang , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Enhancing the capability of large language models (LLMs) in reasoning has gained significant attention in recent years. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of various prompting strategies in aiding LLMs in reasoning (called…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Murong Yue , Wenlin Yao , Haitao Mi , Dian Yu , Ziyu Yao , Dong Yu

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning is critical for improving the interpretability and reliability of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, existing training algorithms such as SFT, PPO, and GRPO may not generalize well across unseen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Guohao Sun , Hang Hua , Jian Wang , Jiebo Luo , Sohail Dianat , Majid Rabbani , Raghuveer Rao , Zhiqiang Tao

Logical reasoning is a crucial task for Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling them to tackle complex problems. Among reasoning tasks, multi-step reasoning poses a particular challenge. Grounded in the theory of formal logic, we have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Jialian Li , Yipin Zhang , Wei Shen , Yuzi Yan , Jian Xie , Dong Yan

Large language models demonstrated state-of-the-art results on various reasoning tasks when applying the chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting technique. CoT prompting guides the model into breaking tasks into a few intermediate steps and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Oxana Vitman , Nika Amaglobeli , Paul Plachinda

Beam search and exhaustive search are two extreme ends of text decoding algorithms with respect to the search depth. Beam search is limited in both search width and depth, whereas exhaustive search is a global search that has no such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Yuu Jinnai , Tetsuro Morimura , Ukyo Honda

Large Language Models (LLMs) using Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting excel at complex reasoning but generate verbose thought processes with considerable redundancy, leading to increased inference costs and reduced efficiency. We introduce a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zeju Li , Jianyuan Zhong , Ziyang Zheng , Xiangyu Wen , Zhijian Xu , Yingying Cheng , Fan Zhang , Qiang Xu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing the problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the theoretical foundations of learning from CoT data remain underdeveloped, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Amnon Shashua

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities through long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. The R1 distillation scheme has emerged as a promising approach for training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Yijia Luo , Yulin Song , Xingyao Zhang , Jiaheng Liu , Weixun Wang , GengRu Chen , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Mathematical reasoning through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has emerged as a powerful capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), which can be further enhanced through Test-Time Scaling (TTS) methods like Beam Search and DVTS. However, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zezhong Wang , Xingshan Zeng , Weiwen Liu , Yufei Wang , Liangyou Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

Pre-trained language models (LMs) have shown remarkable reasoning performance using explanations or chain-of-thoughts (CoT)) for in-context learning. On the other hand, these reasoning tasks are usually presumed to be more approachable for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yi-Fan Zhang , Hanlin Zhang , Li Erran Li , Eric Xing

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), establishing itself as a primary approach to solving complex reasoning tasks. Existing CoT synthesis approaches usually focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiaoxue Cheng , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

When performing reasoning tasks with user-specific requirements, such as strict output formats, large language models (LLMs) often prioritize reasoning over adherence to detailed instructions. Fine-tuning LLMs on supervised datasets to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yiqi Li , Yusheng Liao , Zhe Chen , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emergent capabilities across diverse reasoning tasks via popular Chains-of-Thought (COT) prompting. However, such a simple and fast COT approach often encounters limitations in dealing with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jiabao Pan , Yan Zhang , Chen Zhang , Zuozhu Liu , Hongwei Wang , Haizhou Li