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This chapter reviews an information theoretic approach to deriving quantum fluctuation theorems. When a thermal system is driven from equilibrium, random quantities of work are required or produced: the Crooks equality is a classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Z. Holmes

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental results in nonequilibrium thermodynamics beyond the linear response regime. Among these, the paradigmatic Tasaki-Crooks fluctuation theorem relates the statistics of the works done in a forward…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-06-19 Gianluca Francica , Luca Dell'Anna

Research on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of quantum systems has so far produced important statements on the thermodynamics of small systems undergoing quantum mechanical evolutions. Key examples are provided by the Crooks and Jarzynski…

Starting out from the recently established quantum correlation function expression of the characteristic function for the work performed by a force protocol on the system [cond-mat/0703213] the quantum version of the Crooks fluctuation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-06-21 Peter Talkner , Peter Hanggi

We study the notion of work fluctuations in quantum field theory, highlighting that the most common definitions used in finite-dimensional quantum systems cannot be applied to quantum field theory (QFT). Then we propose work distributions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-20 Adam Teixidó-Bonfill , Alvaro Ortega , Eduardo Martín-Martínez

Fluctuation theorems have elevated the second law of thermodynamics to a statistical realm by establishing a connection between time-forward and time-reversal probabilities, providing invaluable insight into nonequilibrium dynamics. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Hui Li , Jie Xie , Hyukjoon Kwon , Yixin Zhao , M. S. Kim , Lijian Zhang

Non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics is essential to describe new devices that operate far from the regime where the usual thermodynamical laws are obeyed. When quantum fluctuations dominate, defining and measuring work and heat, two…

Thermal fluctuations are a fundamental feature of dissipative systems that are essential for understanding physics near the expected critical point of QCD and in small systems. When such fluctuations are modeled naively in relativistic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-02 Nicki Mullins , Mauricio Hippert , Jorge Noronha

The description of nonequilibrium processes in nano-sized objects, where the typical energies involved are a few times, is increasingly becoming central to disciplines as diverse as condensed-matter physics, materials science, and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 D. Collin , F. Ritort , C. Jarzynski , S. B. Smith , I. Tinoco , C. Bustamante

We study two non-equilibrium work fluctuation theorems, the Crooks' theorem and the Jarzynski equality, for a test system coupled to a spatially extended heat reservoir whose degrees of freedom are explicitly modeled. The sufficient…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-02-22 Punyabrata Pradhan , Yariv Kafri , Dov Levine

We show that apparently thermalized states still store relevant amounts of information about their past, information that can be tracked by experiments involving nonequilibrium processes. We provide a condition for the microcanonical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-19 Armando Relaño

Recent progress on micro- and nanometer scale manipulation has opened the possibility to probe systems small enough that thermal fluctuations of energy and coordinate variables can be significant compared with their mean behavior. We…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-11-02 O. -P. Saira , Y. Yoon , T. Tanttu , M. Möttönen , D. V. Averin , J. P. Pekola

We probe the validity of Crooks' fluctuation relation on the fluctuating lattice-Boltzmann model (FLBM), a highly simplified lattice model for a thermal ideal gas. We drive the system between two thermodynamic equilibrium states and compute…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-06-30 Léo Granger , Markus Niemann , Holger Kantz

Two approaches to small-scale and quantum thermodynamics are fluctuation relations and one-shot statistical mechanics. Fluctuation relations (such as Crooks' Theorem and Jarzynski's Equality) relate nonequilibrium behaviors to equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-09-16 Nicole Yunger Halpern , Andrew J. P. Garner , Oscar C. O. Dahlsten , Vlatko Vedral

Fluctuation Theorems are central in stochastic thermodynamics, as they allow for quantifying the irreversibility of single trajectories. Although they have been experimentally checked in the classical regime, a practical demonstration in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-27 C. Elouard , N. K. Bernardes , A. R. R. Carvalho , M. F. Santos , A. Auffèves

We present fluctuation theorems and moment generating function equalities for generalized thermodynamic observables and quantum dynamics described by completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) maps, with and without feedback control. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-01 Tameem Albash , Daniel A. Lidar , Milad Marvian , Paolo Zanardi

Of indisputable relevance for non-equilibrium thermodynamics, fluctuations theorems have been generalized to the framework of quantum thermodynamics, with the notion of work playing a key role in such contexts. The typical approach consists…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Thales Augusto Barbosa Pinto Silva , Renato Moreira Angelo

Quantum work fluctuation theorems are known to hold when the work is defined as the difference between the outcomes of projective measurements carried out on the Hamiltonian of the system at the initial and the final time instants of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-07-20 Sourabh Lahiri , Subhashish Banerjee , A. M. Jayannavar

In this chapter, we illustrate how a trapped ion system can be used for the experimental study of quantum thermodynamics, in particular, quantum fluctuation of work. As technology of nano/micro scale develops, it becomes critical to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Yao Lu , Shuoming An , Jing-Ning Zhang , Kihwan Kim

Based on trajectory dependent path probability formalism in state space, we derive generalized entropy production fluctuation relations for a quantum system in the presence of measurement and feedback. We have obtained these results for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-04 Shubhashis Rana , Sourabh Lahiri , A. M. Jayannavar
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