Related papers: Driving factors behind multiple populations
Recent findings show that, in some Milky Way globular clusters (GCs), pristine red giant branch (RGB) stars are more centrally concentrated than enriched RGB stars. This contradicts most multiple-population formation scenarios, which…
The degree of mass loss, i.e. the fraction of stars lost by globular clusters, and specifically by their different populations, is still poorly understood. Many scenarios of the formation of multiple stellar populations, especially the ones…
We present the first 3D kinematic analysis of multiple stellar populations (MPs) in a representative sample of 16 Galactic globular clusters (GCs). For each GC in the sample we studied the MP line-of-sight, plane-of-the-sky and 3D rotation…
Globular Clusters (GCs) are known to host distinct stellar populations, characterized by different chemical compositions. Despite extensive research, the origin of these populations remains elusive. According to many formation scenarios,…
Comparing N-body calculations that include primordial residual-gas expulsion with the observed properties of 20 Galactic globular clusters (GCs) for which the stellar mass function (MF) has been measured, we constrain the time-scale over…
In recent years, a growing zoo of compact stellar systems (CSSs) have been found whose physical properties (mass, size, velocity dispersion) place them between classical globular clusters (GCs) and true galaxies, leading to debates about…
This is the second paper of a series devoted to study the stellar content of early-type galaxies. The goal of the series is to set constraints on the evolutionary status of these objects. We use a new set of models which include an improved…
There is much debate on how high-mass star formation varies with environment, and whether the sparsest star-forming environments are capable of forming massive stars. To address this issue, we have observed eight apparently isolated OB…
We numerically investigate whether and how gaseous ejecta from AGB stars can be converted into new stars within originally massive star clusters (MSCs) in order to understand the origin of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters…
Multiple stellar populations in globular clusters (GCs) are distinct by their different abundances of light elements. The abundance anti-correlations point towards a nucleosynthesis origin due to high-temperature H burning, but it remains…
The spectroscopic and photometric signals of the star-to-star abundance variations found in globular clusters seem to be correlated with global parameters like the cluster's metallicity, mass and age. Understanding this behaviour could…
Globular cluster (GC) stars composed of pristine material (first-generation, 1G, stars) are not chemically homogeneous, as they exhibit extended sequences in the "Chromosome Map" (ChM). Recent studies characterized 1G stars within the…
A significant fraction of stars in globular clusters (about 70%-85%) exhibit peculiar chemical patterns with strong abundance variations in light elements along with constant abundances in heavy elements. These abundance anomalies can be…
Recent progress in studies of globular clusters has shown that they are not simple stellar populations, being rather made of multiple generations. Evidence stems both from photometry and spectroscopy. A new paradigm is then arising for the…
The majority of the inhomogeneities in the chemical composition of Globular Cluster (GC) stars appear due to primordial enrichment by hot-CNO cycled material processed in stars belonging to a first stellar generation. Either massive AGB…
Low-mass galaxies in nearby clusters are the most numerous galaxy type in the universe, yet their origin and properties remain largely unknown. To study basic questions concerning these galaxies we present the results of a survey designed…
The existence of star-to-star light-element abundance variations (multiple populations, MPs) in massive Galactic and extragalactic star clusters older than about 2 Gyr is by now well established. Photometry of red giant branch (RGB) stars…
We investigated the stellar population properties of a sample of 1858 massive compact galaxies (MCGs) extracted from the SDSS survey. Motivated by previous results showing that older compact galaxies tend to have larger velocity dispersion…
Recent discoveries have put the picture of stellar clusters being simple stellar populations into question. In particular, the color-magnitude diagrams of intermediate age (1-2 Gyr) massive clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) show…
Based on our compiled catalogue of fundamental astrophysical parameters for 593 open clusters, we analyze the relations between the chemical composition, spatial positions, Galactic orbital elements, age, and other physical parameters of…