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We show that there may exist an inherent tension between the goal of adversarial robustness and that of standard generalization. Specifically, training robust models may not only be more resource-consuming, but also lead to a reduction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-10 Dimitris Tsipras , Shibani Santurkar , Logan Engstrom , Alexander Turner , Aleksander Madry

People often deviate from expected utility theory when making risky and intertemporal choices. While the effects of probabilistic risk and time delay have been extensively studied in isolation, their interplay and underlying theoretical…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-04-10 Ho Ka Chan , Taro Toyoizumi

This paper presents a semi-quantitative mathematical model of the changes over time in the statistical distribution of well-being of individuals in a society. The model predicts that when individuals overvalue the more socially conspicuous…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-01-05 Chris Thron

I revisit the standard moral-hazard model, in which an agent's preference over contracts is rooted in costly effort choice. I characterise the behavioural content of the model in terms of empirically testable axioms, and show that the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-26 Ludvig Sinander

Complex statistical machine learning models are increasingly being used or considered for use in high-stakes decision-making pipelines in domains such as financial services, health care, criminal justice and human services. These models are…

Applications · Statistics 2017-07-04 Alexandra Chouldechova , Max G'Sell

Recent work in explanation generation for decision making agents has looked at how unexplained behavior of autonomous systems can be understood in terms of differences in the model of the system and the human's understanding of the same,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Tathagata Chakraborti , Sarath Sreedharan , Sachin Grover , Subbarao Kambhampati

Data Science and Machine learning have been growing strong for the past decade. We argue that to make the most of this exciting field we should resist the temptation of assuming that forecasting can be reduced to brute-force data analytics.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Hykel Hosni , Angelo Vulpiani

An algorithm effects a causal representation of relations between features and labels in the human's perception. Such a representation might conflict with the human's prior belief. Explanations can direct the human's attention to the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Charles Wan , Rodrigo Belo , Leid Zejnilović , Susana Lavado

Accurately estimating uncertainties in neural network predictions is of great importance in building trusted DNNs-based models, and there is an increasing interest in providing accurate uncertainty estimation on many tasks, such as security…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Yukun Ding , Jinglan Liu , Jinjun Xiong , Yiyu Shi

Machine learning models are often used to inform real world risk assessment tasks: predicting consumer default risk, predicting whether a person suffers from a serious illness, or predicting a person's risk to appear in court. Given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Jamelle Watson-Daniels , David C. Parkes , Berk Ustun

Predictive models for identifying at-risk students early can help teaching staff direct resources to better support them, but there is a growing concern about the fairness of algorithmic systems in education. Predictive models may…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Hansol Lee , René F. Kizilcec

We present a model that investigates preference evolution with endogenous matching. In the short run, individuals' subjective preferences influence partner selection and behavior in strategic interactions, which affect their material…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-04-30 Ziwei Wang , Jiabin Wu

A broad set of empirical phenomenon in the study of social, economic and machine behaviour can be modelled as complex systems with averaging dynamics. However many of these models naturally result in consensus or consensus-like outcomes. In…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Orowa Sikder

With the growing adoption of machine learning (ML) systems in areas like law enforcement, criminal justice, finance, hiring, and admissions, it is increasingly critical to guarantee the fairness of decisions assisted by ML. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Meiyu Zhong , Ravi Tandon

Discrete Choice Modelling serves as a robust framework for modelling human choice behaviour across various disciplines. Building a choice model is a semi structured research process that involves a combination of a priori assumptions,…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-09 Gabriel Nova , Sander van Cranenburgh , Stephane Hess

In many choice problems, the interaction between several distinct variables determines the payoff of each alternative. I propose and axiomatize a model of a decision maker who recognizes that she may not accurately perceive the correlation…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-05-28 Andrew Ellis

We explore the possibility of designing matching mechanisms that can accommodate non-standard choice behavior. We pin down the necessary and sufficient conditions on participants' choice behavior for the existence of stable and incentive…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-08-12 Gian Caspari , Manshu Khanna

We propose a fair machine learning algorithm to model interpretable differences between observed and desired human decision-making, with the latter aimed at reducing disparity in a downstream outcome impacted by the human decision. Prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Pavan Ravishankar , Rushabh Shah , Daniel B. Neill

Product configuration systems are often based on a variability model. The development of a variability model is a time consuming and error-prone process. Considering the ongoing development of products, the variability model has to be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-04-15 Uwe Lesta , Ina Schaefer , Tim Winkelmann

Maximum likelihood estimators are often of limited practical use due to the intensive computation they require. We propose a family of alternative estimators that maximize a stochastic variation of the composite likelihood function. Each of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-03-04 Joshua V Dillon , Guy Lebanon