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Black-box optimization has potential in numerous applications such as hyperparameter optimization in machine learning and optimization in design of experiments. Ising machines are useful for binary optimization problems because variables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Yuya Seki , Ryo Tamura , Shu Tanaka

Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial in industry. However, many COPs are NP-hard, causing the search space to grow exponentially with problem size and rendering large-scale instances computationally intractable. Conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Eiji Kawase , Shuta Kikuchi , Hideaki Tamai , Shu Tanaka

While there are various approaches to benchmark physical processors, recent findings have focused on computational phase transitions. This is due to several factors. Importantly, the hardest instances appear to be well-concentrated in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-08 Hariphan Philathong , Vishwa Akshay , Ksenia Samburskaya , Jacob Biamonte

Ising machines are a form of quantum-inspired processing-in-memory computer which has shown great promise for overcoming the limitations of traditional computing paradigms while operating at a fraction of the energy use. The process of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Isaac K. Martin , Andrew G. Moore , John T. Daly , Jess J. Meyer , Teresa M. Ranadive

Sampling Boltzmann probability distributions plays a key role in machine learning and optimization, motivating the design of hardware accelerators such as Ising machines. While the Ising model can in principle encode arbitrary optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour , M Mahmudul Hasan Sajeeb , Joao P. Hespanha , Kerem Y. Camsari

The growth of artificial intelligence and IoT has created a significant computational load for solving non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard problems, which are difficult to solve using conventional computers. The Ising computer,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Jia Si , Shuhan Yang , Yunuo Cen , Jiaer Chen , Zhaoyang Yao , Dong-Jun Kim , Kaiming Cai , Jerald Yoo , Xuanyao Fong , Hyunsoo Yang

Spiking neural network is a kind of neuromorphic computing that is believed to improve the level of intelligence and provide advantages for quantum computing. In this work, we address this issue by designing an optical spiking neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Bo Lu , Yong-Pan Gao , Kai Wen , Chuan Wang

The ever increasing demand for computational power combined with the predicted plateau for the miniaturization of existing silicon-based technologies has made the search for low power alternatives an industrial and scientifically engaging…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Victor H. González , Artem Litvinenko , Akash Kumar , Roman Khymyn , Johan Åkerman

Specialized function gradient computing hardware could greatly improve the performance of state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, e.g., based on gradient descent or conjugate gradient methods that are at the core of control, machine…

Ising machines are purported to be better at solving large-scale combinatorial optimisation problems better than conventional von Neumann computers. However, these Ising machines are widely believed to be heuristics, whose promise is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-08 Sayantan Pramanik , Sourav Chatterjee , Harshkumar Oza

The slowing down of Moore's law has driven the development of unconventional computing paradigms, such as specialized Ising machines tailored to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we show a new application domain for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Shaila Niazi , Navid Anjum Aadit , Masoud Mohseni , Shuvro Chowdhury , Yao Qin , Kerem Y. Camsari

In recent times, the trend in very large scale integration (VLSI) industry is multi-dimensional, for example, reduction of energy consumption, occupancy of less space, precise result, less power dissipation, faster response. To meet these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Gaurab Bhattacharya

Ising machines are next-generation computers expected to efficiently sample near-optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. Combinatorial optimization problems are modeled as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Kentaro Ohno , Nozomu Togawa

Ising machines as hardware solvers of combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) can efficiently explore large solution spaces due to their inherent parallelism and physics-based dynamics. Many important COP classes such as satisfiability…

In this study, we present a novel analytical approach to solving large-scale Ising problems by reformulating the discrete Ising Hamiltonian into a continuous framework. This transformation enables us to derive exact solutions for a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Amirhossein Rezaei , Mahmood Hasani , Alireza Rezaei , S. M. Hassan Halataei

A Boltzmann machine whose effective "temperature" can be dynamically "cooled" provides a stochastic neural network realization of simulated annealing, which is an important metaheuristic for solving combinatorial or global optimization…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Tong Wu , Huan Zhao , Fanxin Liu , Jing Guo , Han Wang

The emergence of specialized optimization hardware such as CMOS annealers and adiabatic quantum computers carries the promise of solving hard combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently in hardware. Recent work has focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Eldan Cohen , Avradip Mandal , Hayato Ushijima-Mwesigwa , Arnab Roy

Integrated sensing, computation, and communication (ISCC) has been recently considered as a promising technique for beyond 5G systems. In ISCC systems, the competition for communication and computation resources between sensing tasks for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yinghui He , Guanding Yu , Yunlong Cai , Haiyan Luo

It is well established that neural networks with deep architectures perform better than shallow networks for many tasks in machine learning. In statistical physics, while there has been recent interest in representing physical data with…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-03-06 Alan Morningstar , Roger G. Melko

We contribute to the mathematical theory of the design of low temperature Ising machines, a type of experimental probabilistic computing device implementing the Ising model. Encoding the output of a function in the ground state of a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Andrew G. Moore , Zachary Richey , Isaac K. Martin