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Describing dynamic medical systems using machine learning is a challenging topic with a wide range of applications. In this work, the possibility of modeling the blood glucose level of diabetic patients purely on the basis of measured data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 David Jödicke , Daniel Parra , Gabriel Kronberger , Stephan Winkler

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management can be significantly enhanced through the use of predictive machine learning (ML) algorithms, which can mitigate the risk of adverse events like hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia, characterized by blood glucose…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-02 Beyza Cinar , Jennifer Daniel Onwuchekwa , Maria Maleshkova

People with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) require regular exogenous infusion of insulin to maintain their blood glucose concentration in a therapeutically adequate target range. Although the artificial pancreas and continuous glucose monitoring…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Taiyu Zhu , Kezhi Li , Pau Herrero , Pantelis Georgiou

Continuous Blood Glucose (CGM) monitors have revolutionized the ability of diabetics to manage their blood glucose, and paved the way for artificial pancreas systems. In this paper we augment CGM data with sensor input collected by a smart…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Sam Royston

Significant advancements in type 1 diabetes treatment have been made in the development of state-of-the-art Artificial Pancreas Systems (APS). However, lapses currently exist in the timely treatment of unsafe blood glucose (BG) levels,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Chloe Smith , Maxfield Kouzel , Xugui Zhou , Homa Alemzadeh

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder that leads to the destruction of insulin-producing cells, resulting in insulin deficiency, as to why the affected individuals depend on external insulin injections. However, insulin can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Beyza Cinar , Maria Maleshkova

Maintenance of adequate physical and functional pancreatic $\beta$-cell mass is critical for the prevention or delay of diabetes mellitus. It is well established that insulin potently activates mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Changbing Hu , Junyuan Yang , James D. Johnson , Jiaxu Li

In type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment, finding a safe and effective basal insulin dose is a challenge. The dose-response is highly individual and to ensure safety, people with T2D titrate by slowly increasing the daily insulin dose to meet…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-28 Sarah Ellinor Engell , Tinna Björk Aradóttir , Tobias K. S. Ritschel , Henrik Bengtsson , John Bagterp Jørgensen

Pramlintide's capability to delay gastric emptying has motivated its use in artificial pancreas systems, accompanying insulin as a control action. Due to the scarcity of pramlintide simulation models in the literature, in silico testing of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Borja Pons Torres , Iván Sala Mira , Clara Furió-Novejarque , Ricardo Sanz , Pedro García , José-Luis Díez , Jorge Bondia

Hypoglycemia is a severe condition of decreased blood glucose, specifically below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). This condition can often be asymptomatic and challenging to predict in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research on hypoglycemic…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-24 Vaibhav Gupta , Florian Grensing , Beyza Cinar , Louisa van den Boom , Maria Maleshkova

We develop a new model of insulin-glucose dynamics for forecasting blood glucose in type 1 diabetics. We augment an existing biomedical model by introducing time-varying dynamics driven by a machine learning sequence model. Our model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-10 Andrew C. Miller , Nicholas J. Foti , Emily Fox

Purpose: Understanding how the pancreas changes is critical for detecting deviations in type 2 diabetes and other pancreatic disease. We measure pancreas size and shape using morphological measurements from ages 0 to 90. Our goals are to 1)…

In many forecasting applications, it is valuable to predict not only the value of a signal at a certain time point in the future, but also the values leading up to that point. This is especially true in clinical applications, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Ian Fox , Lynn Ang , Mamta Jaiswal , Rodica Pop-Busui , Jenna Wiens

Background and objective: Diabetes is one of the four leading causes of death worldwide, necessitating daily blood glucose monitoring. While sweat offers a promising non-invasive alternative for glucose monitoring, its application remains…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-05 Xiaoyu Yin , Elisabetta Peri , Eduard Pelssers , Jaap den Toonder , Lisa Klous , Hein Daanen , Massimo Mischi

Blood glucose (BG) management is crucial for type-1 diabetes patients resulting in the necessity of reliable artificial pancreas or insulin infusion systems. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been utilized for a more accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Md Fazle Rabby , Yazhou Tu , Md Imran Hossen , Insup Le , Anthony S Maida , Xiali Hei

We propose and create an incentive based recommendation algorithm aimed at improving the lifestyle of diabetic patients. This algorithm is integrated into a real world mobile application to provide personalized health recommendations.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Wasim Abbas , Hafiz Syed Muhammad Bilal , Asim Abbas , Muhammad Afzal , Je-Hoon Lee

Blood glucose simulation allows the effectiveness of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management strategies to be evaluated without patient harm. Deep learning algorithms provide a promising avenue for extending simulator capabilities; however, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Harry Emerson , Ryan McConville , Matthew Guy

Type 1 diabetes is a serious disease in which individuals are unable to regulate their blood glucose levels, leading to various medical complications. Artificial pancreas (AP) systems have been developed as a solution for type 1 diabetic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-18 Ke Ma , Hongkai Chen , Shan Lin

Around a third of type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) are escalated to basal insulin injections. Basal insulin dose is titrated to achieve a tight glycemic target without undue hypoglycemic risk. In the standard of care (SoC), titration is based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Anas El Fathi , Mohammadreza Ganji , Dimitri Boiroux , Henrik Bengtsson , Marc D. Breton

In the world today, diabetic complications are a major factor in the disease's high mortality rate. Diabetes mellitus has been a major source of concern for decades due to its global prevalence and the resulting rising costs to individuals,…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Umme Hafsa Momy