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The 2017 ASSISTments Data Mining competition aims to use data from a longitudinal study for predicting a brand-new outcome of students which had never been studied before by the educational data mining research community. Specifically, it…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Chun-kit Yeung , Zizheng Lin , Kai Yang , Dit-yan Yeung

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to trace changes in students' knowledge states throughout their entire learning process by analyzing their historical learning data and predicting their future learning performance. Existing forgetting curve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Shanshan Wang , Ying Hu , Xun Yang , Zhongzhou Zhang , Keyang Wang , Xingyi Zhang

Synthetic training data has gained prominence in numerous learning tasks and scenarios, offering advantages such as dataset augmentation, generalization evaluation, and privacy preservation. Despite these benefits, the efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Jianhao Yuan , Jie Zhang , Shuyang Sun , Philip Torr , Bo Zhao

Accurate modeling of student knowledge is essential for large-scale online learning systems that are increasingly used for student training. Knowledge tracing aims to model student knowledge state given the student's sequence of learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Siqian Zhao , Chunpai Wang , Shaghayegh Sahebi

Knowledge distillation (KD) is widely used for training a compact model with the supervision of another large model, which could effectively improve the performance. Previous methods mainly focus on two aspects: 1) training the student to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Tiancheng Wen , Shenqi Lai , Xueming Qian

Deep neural models in recent years have been successful in almost every field, including extremely complex problem statements. However, these models are huge in size, with millions (and even billions) of parameters, thus demanding more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Lin Wang , Kuk-Jin Yoon

The emerging collaborative information-based knowledge tracing (KT) has been a promising way to enhance modeling of learners' knowledge states. The core idea is to extract the collaborative information from interaction sequences of other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yuhao Jia , Duantengchuan Li , Jinsong Chen , Zhongjie Mao , Mingwen Tong , Yue Li , Xiaoguang Wang

Intelligent tutoring systems optimize the selection and timing of learning materials to enhance understanding and long-term retention. This requires estimates of both the learner's progress (''knowledge tracing''; KT), and the prerequisite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Hanqi Zhou , Robert Bamler , Charley M. Wu , Álvaro Tejero-Cantero

Programming Knowledge Tracing (PKT) has recently advanced through hybrid approaches that integrate attention-based feature modeling for code representation with RNN-based sequential prediction. While these models report strong empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jaewook Kim , Hyeoncheol Kim

As the rapid development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) in the past decade, tracing the students' knowledge state has become more and more important in order to provide individualized learning guidance. This is the main idea of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Zhongfeng Jia , Wei Su , Jiamin Liu , Wenli Yue

Knowledge distillation is the technique of compressing a larger neural network, known as the teacher, into a smaller neural network, known as the student, while still trying to maintain the performance of the larger neural network as much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Tianxun Zhou , Keng-Hwee Chiam

The training of artificial neural networks is heavily dependent on the careful selection of an appropriate loss function. While commonly used loss functions, such as cross-entropy and mean squared error (MSE), generally suffice for a broad…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Altun Shukurlu

The goal of knowledge tracing is to track the state of a student's knowledge as it evolves over time. This plays a fundamental role in understanding the learning process and is a key task in the development of an intelligent tutoring…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Liangbei Xu , Mark A. Davenport

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a fundamental component of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), enabling the modeling of students' knowledge states to predict future performance. The introduction of Deep Knowledge Tracing (DKT), the first deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yiyun Zhou , Wenkang Han , Jingyuan Chen

Neural networks need big annotated datasets for training. However, manual annotation can be too expensive or even unfeasible for certain tasks, like multi-person 2D pose estimation with severe occlusions. A remedy for this is synthetic data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-05 David T. Hoffmann , Dimitrios Tzionas , Micheal J. Black , Siyu Tang

Knowledge tracing aims to trace students' evolving knowledge states by predicting their future performance on concept-related exercises. Recently, some graph-based models have been developed to incorporate the relationships between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Chaoran Cui , Yumo Yao , Chunyun Zhang , Hebo Ma , Yuling Ma , Zhaochun Ren , Chen Zhang , James Ko

This paper introduces ES-KT-24, a novel multimodal Knowledge Tracing (KT) dataset for intelligent tutoring systems in educational game contexts. Although KT is crucial in adaptive learning, existing datasets often lack game-based and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Dohee Kim , Unggi Lee , Sookbun Lee , Jiyeong Bae , Taekyung Ahn , Jaekwon Park , Gunho Lee , Hyeoncheol Kim

Knowledge Transfer (KT) achieves competitive performance and is widely used for image classification tasks in model compression and transfer learning. Existing KT works transfer the information from a large model ("teacher") to train a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Kaiqi Zhao , Yitao Chen , Ming Zhao

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a field of study that predicts the future performance of students based on prior performance datasets collected from educational applications such as intelligent tutoring systems, learning management systems, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Unggi Lee , Yonghyun Park , Yujin Kim , Seongyune Choi , Hyeoncheol Kim

We review and evaluate a body of deep learning knowledge tracing (DLKT) models with openly available and widely-used data sets, and with a novel data set of students learning to program. The evaluated knowledge tracing models include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Sami Sarsa , Juho Leinonen , Arto Hellas