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Decades of exponential scaling in high performance computing (HPC) efficiency is coming to an end. Transistor based logic in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is approaching physical limits beyond which further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Fiona Knoll , John T. Daly , Jess J. Meyer

One of the main bottlenecks in solving combinatorial optimization problems with quantum annealers is the qubit connectivity in the hardware. A possible solution for larger connectivty is minor embedding. This techniques makes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Michele Cattelan , Jemma Bennett , Sheir Yarkoni , Wolfgang Lechner

Ising machines are effective solvers for complex combinatorial optimization problems. The idea is mapping the optimal solution(s) to a combinatorial optimization problem to the minimum energy state(s) of a physical system, which naturally…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Hüsrev Cılasun , Abhimanyu Kumar , Ziqing Zeng , Nafisa Sadaf Prova , Sachin S. Sapatnekar , Ulya R. Karpuzcu

Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial in industry. However, many COPs are NP-hard, causing the search space to grow exponentially with problem size and rendering large-scale instances computationally intractable. Conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Eiji Kawase , Shuta Kikuchi , Hideaki Tamai , Shu Tanaka

We propose a novel type of minor-embedding (ME) in simulated-annealing-based Ising machines. The Ising machines can solve combinatorial optimization problems. Many combinatorial optimization problems are mapped to find the ground…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-12-07 Tatsuhiko Shirai , Shu Tanaka , Nozomu Togawa

In-memory computing is a promising alternative to traditional computer designs, as it helps overcome performance limits caused by the separation of memory and processing units. However, many current approaches struggle with unreliable…

Many tasks in our modern life, such as planning an efficient travel, image processing and optimizing integrated circuit design, are modeled as complex combinatorial optimization problems with binary variables. Such problems can be mapped to…

Quantum reservoir computing is a computing approach which aims at utilising the complexity and high-dimensionality of small quantum systems, together with the fast trainability of reservoir computing, in order to solve complex tasks. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-19 Saud Čindrak , Brecht Donvil , Kathy Lüdge , Lina Jaurigue

In recent years, hardware implementations of Ising machines have emerged as a viable alternative to quantum computing for solving hard optimization problems among other applications. Unlike quantum hardware, dense connectivity can be…

The coherent Ising machine is expected to find a near-optimal solution in various combinatorial optimization problems, which has been experimentally confirmed with optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and a field programmable gate array…

On-chip analog Ising Machines (IMs) are a promising means to solve difficult combinatorial optimization problems. For scalable on-chip realizations to be practical, 1) the problem should map scalably to Ising form, 2) interconnectivity…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Thomas Jagielski , Rajit Manohar , Jaijeet Roychowdhury

Interest in non-algorithmic, unconventional computing is rising in recent years due to more and more apparent short comings of classic stored-program digital computers, such as energy efficiency, degree of parallelism in computations, clock…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Shrish Roy , Bernd Ulmann

Ising machines are hardware solvers which aim to find the absolute or approximate ground states of the Ising model. The Ising model is of fundamental computational interest because it is possible to formulate any problem in the complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-04 Naeimeh Mohseni , Peter L. McMahon , Tim Byrnes

Spiking neural network is a kind of neuromorphic computing that is believed to improve the level of intelligence and provide advantages for quantum computing. In this work, we address this issue by designing an optical spiking neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Bo Lu , Yong-Pan Gao , Kai Wen , Chuan Wang

Physics-based Ising machines (IM) have been developed as dedicated processors for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems with higher speed and better energy efficiency. Generally, such systems employ local search heuristics to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-10-22 Dmitrii Dobrynin , Adrien Renaudineau , Mohammad Hizzani , Dmitri Strukov , Masoud Mohseni , John Paul Strachan

The mining in physics and biology for accelerating the hardcore algorithm to solve non-deterministic polynomial (NP) hard problems has inspired a great amount of special-purpose ma-chine models. Ising machine has become an efficient solver…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Wenchen Sun , Wenjia Zhang , Yuanyuan Liu , Qingwen Liu , Zuyuan He

Multi-objective optimisation problems involve finding solutions with varying trade-offs between multiple and often conflicting objectives. Ising machines are physical devices that aim to find the absolute or approximate ground states of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Mayowa Ayodele , Richard Allmendinger , Manuel López-Ibáñez , Arnaud Liefooghe , Matthieu Parizy

Oscillator-based Ising/Potts machines (OIMs/OPMs) are promising hardware accelerators for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems using coupled oscillator synchronization dynamics. Analog OIMs/OPMs offer speed advantages but have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yilmaz Ege Gonul , Baris Taskin

A pivotal task for quantum computing is to speed up solving problems that are both classically intractable and practically valuable. Among these, combinatorial optimization problems have attracted tremendous attention due to their broad…

Quantum annealing is a heuristic algorithm for searching the ground state of an Ising model. Heuristic algorithms aim to obtain near-optimal solutions with a reasonable computation time. Accordingly, many algorithms have so far been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Shuntaro Okada , Masayuki Ohzeki