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The rapid expansion of large foundation models within the pre-training and fine-tuning framework has underscored that larger models often yield better results. However, the scaling up of large foundation models has led to soaring costs in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Chongjie Si , Xiaokang Yang , Wei Shen

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have ignited a surge in demand for effective fine-tuning techniques, particularly in low-resource domains and languages. Active learning (AL), a set of algorithms designed to decrease labeling costs by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Josip Jukić , Jan Šnajder

Recent studies applied Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning techniques (PEFTs) to efficiently narrow the performance gap between pre-training and downstream. There are two important factors for various PEFTs, namely, the accessible data size and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yuxin Tian , Mouxing Yang , Yunfan Li , Dayiheng Liu , Xingzhang Ren , Xi Peng , Jiancheng Lv

While the enormous parameter scale endows Large Models (LMs) with unparalleled performance, it also limits their adaptability across specific tasks. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a critical approach for effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Dong Chen , Zhengqing Hu , Shixing Zhao , Yibo Guo

Parameter Efficient Finetuning (PEFT) has emerged as a viable solution for improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) without requiring massive resources and compute. Prior work on multilingual evaluation has shown that there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Ashutosh Sathe , Ishaan Watts , Sunayana Sitaram

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have become crucial for rapidly adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Prefix-Tuning, an early and effective PEFT technique, demonstrated the ability to achieve performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haonan Wang , Brian Chen , Siquan Li , Xinhe Liang , Hwee Kuan Lee , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tianyang Hu

The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) and related fields. However, fine-tuning these models for specific tasks remains computationally expensive and risks degrading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Md Kowsher , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques have drawn significant attention due to their ability to yield competitive results while updating only a small portion of the adjustable parameters. However, existing PEFT methods pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Muling Wu , Wenhao Liu , Xiaohua Wang , Tianlong Li , Changze Lv , Zixuan Ling , Jianhao Zhu , Cenyuan Zhang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods reduce the computational costs of updating deep learning models by minimizing the number of additional parameters used to adapt a model to a down- stream task. While extensively researched in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Georg Slamanig , Francesco Corti , Olga Saukh

Parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) methods seek to adapt large neural models via updates to a small number of weights. However, much prior interpretability work has shown that representations encode rich semantic information, suggesting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhengxuan Wu , Aryaman Arora , Zheng Wang , Atticus Geiger , Dan Jurafsky , Christopher D. Manning , Christopher Potts

Pre-trained models (PTMs) have achieved great success in various Software Engineering (SE) downstream tasks following the ``pre-train then fine-tune'' paradigm. As fully fine-tuning all parameters of PTMs can be computationally expensive, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Wentao Zou , Qi Li , Jidong Ge , Chuanyi Li , Xiaoyu Shen , Liguo Huang , Bin Luo

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) that was initially developed for exploiting pre-trained large language models has recently emerged as an effective approach to perform transfer learning on computer vision tasks. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chenyu Lian , Hong-Yu Zhou , Yizhou Yu , Liansheng Wang

Personalized large language models (LLMs) tailor content to individual preferences using user profiles or histories. However, existing parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as the ``One-PEFT-Per-User'' (OPPU) paradigm,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhaoxuan Tan , Zixuan Zhang , Haoyang Wen , Zheng Li , Rongzhi Zhang , Pei Chen , Fengran Mo , Zheyuan Liu , Qingkai Zeng , Qingyu Yin , Meng Jiang

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) offers an efficient solution for fine-tuning large pretrained language models for downstream tasks. However, most PEFT strategies are manually designed, often resulting in suboptimal performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Aofei Chang , Jiaqi Wang , Han Liu , Parminder Bhatia , Cao Xiao , Ting Wang , Fenglong Ma

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is a highly effective approach for adapting large pre-trained models to downstream tasks with minimal computational overhead. At the core, PEFT methods freeze most parameters and only trains a small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Shiyun Xu , Zhiqi Bu

Foundation models have revolutionized artificial intelligence by providing robust, versatile architectures pre-trained on large-scale datasets. However, adapting these massive models to specific downstream tasks requires fine-tuning, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jieming Bian , Yuanzhe Peng , Lei Wang , Yin Huang , Jie Xu

Text-rich graphs, which exhibit rich textual information on nodes and edges, are prevalent across a wide range of real-world business applications. Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in understanding text,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Qi Zhu , Da Zheng , Xiang Song , Shichang Zhang , Bowen Jin , Yizhou Sun , George Karypis

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques make it possible to efficiently adapt a language model to create "expert" models that specialize to new tasks or domains. Recent techniques in model merging and compositional generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Prateek Yadav , Leshem Choshen , Colin Raffel , Mohit Bansal

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods address the increasing size of Large Language Models (LLMs). Currently, many newly introduced PEFT methods are challenging to replicate, deploy, or compare with one another. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Robert Belanec , Ivan Srba , Maria Bielikova

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated transformative potential in reshaping the world. As these models are pretrained on general corpora, they often require domain-specific fine-tuning to optimize performance in specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yidong Chai , Yang Liu , Yonghang Zhou , Jiaheng Xie , Daniel Dajun Zeng