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Feature matching is a challenging computer vision task that involves finding correspondences between two images of a 3D scene. In this paper we consider the dense approach instead of the more common sparse paradigm, thus striving to find…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Johan Edstedt , Ioannis Athanasiadis , Mårten Wadenbäck , Michael Felsberg

This paper presents an intuitive application of multivariate kernel density estimation (KDE) for data correction. The method utilizes the expected value of the conditional probability density function (PDF) and a credible interval to…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-19 Hai Bui , Mostafa Bakhoday-Paskyabi

Real-time density estimation is ubiquitous in many applications, including computer vision and signal processing. Kernel density estimation is arguably one of the most commonly used density estimation techniques, and the use of "sliding…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-13 Yinsong Wang , Yu Ding , Shahin Shahrampour

Machine learning models are increasingly used to predict material properties and accelerate atomistic simulations, but the reliability of their predictions depends on the representativeness of the training data. We present a scalable,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Daniel Willimetz , Lukáš Grajciar

Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) is a cornerstone of nonparametric statistics, yet it remains sensitive to bandwidth choice, boundary bias, and computational inefficiency. This study revisits KDE through a principled convolutional framework,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-24 Nicholas Tenkorang , Kwesi Appau Ohene-Obeng , Xiaogang Su

This work proposes a framework LGKDE that learns kernel density estimation for graphs. The key challenge in graph density estimation lies in effectively capturing both structural patterns and semantic variations while maintaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xudong Wang , Ziheng Sun , Chris Ding , Jicong Fan

Several disciplines, like the social sciences, epidemiology, sentiment analysis, or market research, are interested in knowing the distribution of the classes in a population rather than the individual labels of the members thereof.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Alejandro Moreo , Pablo González , Juan José del Coz

We propose a generalization of our previous KDE (kernel density estimation) method for estimating luminosity functions (LFs). This new upgrade further extend the application scope of our KDE method, making it a very flexible approach which…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-18 Zunli Yuan , Xibin Zhang , Jiancheng Wang , Xiangming Cheng , Wenjie Wang

We propose a method for nonparametric density estimation that exhibits robustness to contamination of the training sample. This method achieves robustness by combining a traditional kernel density estimator (KDE) with ideas from classical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-09-07 JooSeuk Kim , Clayton D. Scott

While robust parameter estimation has been well studied in parametric density estimation, there has been little investigation into robust density estimation in the nonparametric setting. We present a robust version of the popular kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-18 Robert A. Vandermeulen , Clayton D. Scott

As the third paper in a series regarding the estimation of luminosity functions (LFs) via kernel density estimation (KDE), we present a further generalization of our framework by extending its applicability to multiple flux-limited samples.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-17 Zunli Yuan , Chuanqi Li , Wenjie Wang , Luozhenhan Liu

Selecting an appropriate kernel is a central challenge in kernel-based spectral methods. In \emph{Kernelized Diffusion Maps} (KDM), the kernel determines the accuracy of the RKHS estimator of a diffusion-type operator and hence the quality…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Othmane Aboussaad , Adam Miraoui , Boumediene Hamzi , Houman Owhadi

We consider the problem of estimation of a bivariate density function with support $\Re\times[0,\infty)$, where a classical bivariate kernel estimator causes boundary bias due to the non-negative variable. To overcome this problem, we…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-08 Uttam Bandyopadhyay , Soumita Modak

Given a set of points $P\subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$ and a kernel $k$, the Kernel Density Estimate at a point $x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}$ is defined as $\mathrm{KDE}_{P}(x)=\frac{1}{|P|}\sum_{y\in P} k(x,y)$. We study the problem of designing a data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Moses Charikar , Paris Siminelakis

Kernel density estimation (KDE) stands out as a challenging task in machine learning. The problem is defined in the following way: given a kernel function $f(x,y)$ and a set of points $\{x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n \} \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Jiehao Liang , Zhao Song , Zhaozhuo Xu , Junze Yin , Danyang Zhuo

We show that geometric inference of a point cloud can be calculated by examining its kernel density estimate with a Gaussian kernel. This allows one to consider kernel density estimates, which are robust to spatial noise, subsampling, and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-03-27 Jeff M. Phillips , Bei Wang , Yan Zheng

This paper presents a novel density estimation method for anomaly detection using density matrices (a powerful mathematical formalism from quantum mechanics) and Fourier features. The method can be seen as an efficient approximation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Oscar Bustos-Brinez , Joseph Gallego-Mejia , Fabio A. González

Kernel density estimators (KDEs) are ubiquitous tools for nonparametric estimation of probability density functions (PDFs), when data are obtained from unknown data generating processes. The KDEs that are typically available in software…

Computation · Statistics 2018-08-07 Andrew T. Jones , Hien D. Nguyen , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

In this paper, we outline the use of Mixture Models in density estimation of large astronomical databases. This method of density estimation has been known in Statistics for some time but has not been implemented because of the large…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. J. Connolly , C. Genovese , A. W. Moore , R. C. Nichol , J. Schneider , L. Wasserman

Directional data consist of observations distributed on a (hyper)sphere, and appear in many applied fields, such as astronomy, ecology, and environmental science. This paper studies both statistical and computational problems of kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-18 Yikun Zhang , Yen-Chi Chen