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In the past few years, deep generative models, such as generative adversarial networks \autocite{GAN}, variational autoencoders \autocite{vaepaper}, and their variants, have seen wide adoption for the task of modelling complex data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-02 Guilherme G. P. Freitas Pires , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

Deep Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) can easily be fooled by subtle, imperceptible changes to the input images. To address this vulnerability, adversarial training creates perturbation patterns and includes them in the training set to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Muzammal Naseer , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Fatih Porikli

Normalizing Flows (NFs) describe a class of models that express a complex target distribution as the composition of a series of bijective transformations over a simpler base distribution. By limiting the space of candidate transformations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Keegan Kelly , Lorena Piedras , Sukrit Rao , David Roth

Modern reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have found success by using powerful probabilistic models, such as transformers, energy-based models, and diffusion/flow-based models. To this end, RL researchers often choose to pay the price…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Raj Ghugare , Benjamin Eysenbach

We introduce a Metropolis-Hastings Markov chain for Boltzmann distributions of classical spin systems. It relies on approximate tensor network contractions to propose correlated collective updates at each step of the evolution. We present…

Mode collapse is a significant unsolved issue of generative adversarial networks. In this work, we examine the causes of mode collapse from a novel perspective. Due to the nonuniform sampling in the training process, some sub-distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Yanxiang Gong , Zhiwei Xie , Guozhen Duan , Zheng Ma , Mei Xie

Continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) learn the probability path between a reference distribution and a target distribution by modeling the vector field generating said path using neural networks. Recently, Lipman et al. (2022) introduced a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-29 Alberto Cabezas , Louis Sharrock , Christopher Nemeth

Density estimation, a central problem in machine learning, can be performed using Normalizing Flows (NFs). NFs comprise a sequence of invertible transformations, that turn a complex target distribution into a simple one, by exploiting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Massimiliano Patacchiola , Aliaksandra Shysheya , Katja Hofmann , Richard E. Turner

To facilitate reliable deployments of autonomous robots in the real world, Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection capabilities are often required. A powerful approach for OOD detection is based on density estimation with Normalizing Flows…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jianxiang Feng , Jongseok Lee , Simon Geisler , Stephan Gunnemann , Rudolph Triebel

This paper presents a neural network filter method based on contraction operators to address model collapse in recursive training of generative models. Unlike \cite{xu2024probabilistic}, which requires superlinear sample growth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zongjian Han , Yiran Liang , Ruiwen Wang , Yiwei Luo , Yilin Huang , Xiaotong Song , Dongqing Wei

Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods are widely used in signal processing and communications for statistical inference and stochastic optimization. In this work, we introduce an efficient adaptive Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to draw samples…

Computation · Statistics 2016-03-17 David Luengo , Luca Martino

Recent years witnessed the development of powerful generative models based on flows, diffusion or autoregressive neural networks, achieving remarkable success in generating data from examples with applications in a broad range of areas. A…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-07-22 Davide Ghio , Yatin Dandi , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

Transport maps can ease the sampling of distributions with non-trivial geometries by transforming them into distributions that are easier to handle. The potential of this approach has risen with the development of Normalizing Flows (NF)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-20 Louis Grenioux , Alain Durmus , Éric Moulines , Marylou Gabrié

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have often supplied state-of-the-art results in pattern recognition tasks. Despite their advances, however, the existence of adversarial examples have caught the attention of the community. Many existing works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Jay Morgan , Adeline Paiement , Arno Pauly , Monika Seisenberger

We propose continuous adversarial flow models, a type of continuous-time flow model trained with an adversarial objective. Unlike flow matching, which uses a fixed mean-squared-error criterion, our approach introduces a learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shanchuan Lin , Ceyuan Yang , Zhijie Lin , Hao Chen , Haoqi Fan

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are widely used in deep generative models for their exact likelihood estimation and efficient sampling. However, they require substantial memory since the latent space matches the input dimension. Multi-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Wei Chen , Shian Du , Shigui Li , Delu Zeng , John Paisley

We introduce ImitationFlow, a novel Deep generative model that allows learning complex globally stable, stochastic, nonlinear dynamics. Our approach extends the Normalizing Flows framework to learn stable Stochastic Differential Equations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Julen Urain , Michelle Ginesi , Davide Tateo , Jan Peters

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown remarkable performance in image generation. However, GAN training suffers from the problem of instability. One of the main approaches to address this problem is to modify the loss function,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Iu Yahiro , Takashi Ishida , Naoto Yokoya

Deep neural network image classifiers are reported to be susceptible to adversarial evasion attacks, which use carefully crafted images created to mislead a classifier. Recently, various kinds of adversarial attack methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 He Zhao , Trung Le , Paul Montague , Olivier De Vel , Tamas Abraham , Dinh Phung

Improving the resistance of deep neural networks against adversarial attacks is important for deploying models to realistic applications. However, most defense methods are designed to defend against intensity perturbations and ignore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Pengfei Xia , Bin Li