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We describe an efficient method for extracting the parts of $D$-dimensional loop integrals that are needed to derive observables in classical general relativity from scattering amplitudes. Our approach simplifies the soft-region method of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-28 N. Emil J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Poul H. Damgaard , Ludovic Planté , Pierre Vanhove

We study the formalism of Kosower-Maybee-O'Connell (KMOC) to extract classical impulse from quantum amplitude in the context of the partial wave expansion of a 2-to-2 elastic scattering. We take two complementary approaches to establish the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-05 Hojin Lee , Sangmin Lee , Subhajit Mazumdar

The scattering of massless waves of helicity $|h|=0,\frac{1}{2},1$ in Schwarzschild and Kerr backgrounds is revisited in the long-wavelenght regime. Using a novel description of such backgrounds in terms of gravitating massive particles, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-22 Yilber Fabian Bautista , Alfredo Guevara , Chris Kavanagh , Justin Vines

We compute the classical tree-level five-point amplitude for the two-to-two scattering of spinning celestial objects with the emission of a graviton. Using this five-point amplitude, we then turn to the computation of the leading-order…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-20 Andreas Brandhuber , Graham R. Brown , Gang Chen , Joshua Gowdy , Gabriele Travaglini

We present the amplitude for classical scattering of gravitationally interacting massive scalars at third post-Minkowskian order. Our approach harnesses powerful tools from the modern amplitudes program such as generalized unitarity and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-29 Zvi Bern , Clifford Cheung , Radu Roiban , Chia-Hsien Shen , Mikhail P. Solon , Mao Zeng

We calculate the scattering of two rotating objects with the linear-in-curvature spin-induced multipoles of Kerr black holes at $\mathcal{O}(G^2)$ and all orders in the spins of both objects. This is done including the complete set of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-02 Rafael Aoude , Kays Haddad , Andreas Helset

We combine tools from effective field theory and generalized unitarity to construct a map between on-shell scattering amplitudes and the classical potential for interacting spinless particles. For general relativity, we obtain analytic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-31 Clifford Cheung , Ira Z. Rothstein , Mikhail P. Solon

We resolve subtleties in calculating the post-Minksowskian dynamics of binary systems, as a spin expansion, from massive scattering amplitudes of fixed finite spin. In particular, the apparently ambiguous spin Casimir terms can be fully…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-04 Dogan Akpinar , Fernando Febres Cordero , Manfred Kraus , Michael S. Ruf , Mao Zeng

We describe an on-shell, amplitudes-based approach to incorporating radiation absorption effects in the post-Minkowskian scattering of generic, compact, spinning bodies. Classical spinning observables are recovered by extrapolating to large…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-05 Juan Pablo Gatica , Callum R. T. Jones

We study the process, within classical general relativity, in which an incident gravitational plane wave, of weak amplitude and long wavelength, scatters off a massive spinning compact object, such as a black hole or neutron star. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-04 M. V. S. Saketh , Justin Vines

We study the (ambi-)twistor model for spinning particles interacting via electromagnetic field, as a toy model for studying classical dynamics of gravitating bodies including effects of both spins to all orders. We compute the momentum kick…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-13 Joon-Hwi Kim , Jung-Wook Kim , Sangmin Lee

We compute the potential-graviton contribution to the scattering amplitude, the radial action, and the scattering angle of two extremal black holes in N = 8 supergravity at the fifth post-Minkowskian order to next-to-leading order in a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-23 Zvi Bern , Enrico Herrmann , Radu Roiban , Michael S. Ruf , Alexander V. Smirnov , Vladimir A. Smirnov , Mao Zeng

Quantum scattering amplitudes for massive matter have received new attention in connection to classical calculations relevant to gravitational-wave physics. Amplitude methods and insights are now employed for precision computations of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-09 Marco Chiodaroli , Henrik Johansson , Paolo Pichini

We study observables in the scattering of classical, spinning objects using the KMOC formalism. In particular, we derive formulas to higher order in spin and one loop $\mathcal{O}(G^2)$ for the spin kick and momentum impulse. Our derivation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-24 Juan Pablo Gatica

We study classical scattering of charged black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) theory. Working in the classical (Post-Minkowskian) regime, we extract the conservative two-body potential by expanding the one loop amplitudes in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-21 Arpan Bhattacharyya , Saptaswa Ghosh , Ankit Mishra , Sounak Pal

We perform a Feynman diagram calculation of the two-loop scattering amplitude for gravitationally interacting massive particles in the classical limit. Conveniently, we are able to sidestep the most taxing diagrams by exploiting the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-15 Clifford Cheung , Mikhail P. Solon

We provide universal expressions for the classical piece of the amplitude given by the graviton/photon exchange between massive particles of arbitrary spin, at both tree and one loop level. In the gravitational case this leads to higher…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-20 Alfredo Guevara

We compute the scattering amplitude for classical black-hole scattering to third order in the Post-Minkowskian expansion, keeping all terms needed to derive the scattering angle to that order from the eikonal formalism. Our results confirm…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-20 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , P. H. Damgaard , L. Planté , P. Vanhove

Eikonal exponentiation in QFT describes the emergence of classical physics at long distances in terms of a non-trivial resummation of infinitely many diagrams. Long ago, 't Hooft proposed a beautiful correspondence between…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-31 Tim Adamo , Andrea Cristofoli , Piotr Tourkine

Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) serves as a useful toy model for classical observables in gravitational two-body systems with reduced complexity due to the linearity of QED. We investigate scattering observables in scalar QED at the sixth…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-07 Zvi Bern , Juan Pablo Gatica , Enrico Herrmann , Andres Luna , Mao Zeng