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Related papers: numaPTE: Managing Page-Tables and TLBs on NUMA Sys…

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Tiered memory, built upon a combination of fast memory and slow memory, provides a cost-effective solution to meet ever-increasing requirements from emerging applications for large memory capacity. Reducing the size of fast memory is…

The increasing demand for memory in hyperscale applications has led to memory becoming a large portion of the overall datacenter spend. The emergence of coherent interfaces like CXL enables main memory expansion and offers an efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Hasan Al Maruf , Hao Wang , Abhishek Dhanotia , Johannes Weiner , Niket Agarwal , Pallab Bhattacharya , Chris Petersen , Mosharaf Chowdhury , Shobhit Kanaujia , Prakash Chauhan

In this work we study the overheads of virtual-to-physical address translation in processor architectures, like x86-64, that implement paged virtual memory using a radix tree which are walked in hardware. Translation Lookaside Buffers are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Adarsh Patil

Application virtual memory footprints are growing rapidly in all systems from servers down to smartphones. To address this growing demand, system integrators are incorporating ever larger amounts of main memory, warranting rethinking of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Chandrahas Tirumalasetty , Chih Chieh Chou , Narasimha Reddy , Paul Gratz , Ayman Abouelwafa

Large Language Models (LLMs) falter in multi-step interactions -- often hallucinating, repeating actions, or misinterpreting user corrections -- due to reliance on linear, unstructured context. This fragility stems from the lack of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ye Ye

Online OS tuning can improve long-running services, but existing controllers are poorly matched to live hosts. They treat scheduler, power, memory, and I/O controls as black-box variables and optimize a scalar reward. This view ignores…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Georgios Liargkovas , Mihir Nitin Joshi , Hubertus Franke , Kostis Kaffes

Hybrid memory systems comprised of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and non-volatile memory (NVM) have been proposed to exploit both the capacity advantage of NVM and the latency and dynamic energy advantages of DRAM. An important…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Yang Li , Jongmoo Choi , Jin Sun , Saugata Ghose , Hui Wang , Justin Meza , Jinglei Ren , Onur Mutlu

As more data-intensive tasks with large footprints are deployed in virtual machines (VMs), huge pages are widely used to eliminate the increasing address translation overhead. However, once the huge page mapping is established, all the base…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Chuandong Li , Sai Sha , Yangqing Zeng , Xiran Yang , Yingwei Luo , Xiaolin Wang , Zhenlin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as autonomous agents for multi-step tasks. However, most existing frameworks fail to maintain a structured understanding of the task state, often relying on linear prompt concatenation or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ye Ye

Parallel processing is considered as todays and future trend for improving performance of computers. Computing devices ranging from small embedded systems to big clusters of computers rely on parallelizing applications to reduce execution…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-11-27 Oussama Tahan

Superpages have long been used to mitigate address translation overhead in big memory systems. However, superpages often preclude lightweight page migration, which is crucial for performance and energy efficiency in hybrid memory systems…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Xiaoyuan Wang

Data movement in memory-intensive workloads, such as deep learning, incurs energy costs that are over three orders of magnitude higher than the cost of computation. Since these workloads involve frequent data transfers between memory and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bahareh Khabbazan , Marc Riera , Antonio González

We leverage eBPF in order to implement custom policies in the Linux memory subsystem. Inspired by CBMM, we create a mechanism that provides the kernel with hints regarding the benefit of promoting a page to a specific size. We introduce a…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Konstantinos Mores , Stratos Psomadakis , Georgios Goumas

Multicore systems present on-board memory hierarchies and communication networks that influence performance when executing shared memory parallel codes. Characterising this influence is complex, and understanding the effect of particular…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-01 O. G. Lorenzo , M. L. Becoña , T. F. Pena , J. C. Cabaleiro , J. A. Lorenzo , F. F. Rivera

It is often said that one of the biggest limitations on computer performance is memory bandwidth (i.e."the memory wall problem"). In this position paper, I argue that if historical trends in computing evolution (where growth in available…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2011-05-11 Niall Douglas

Address translation is a performance bottleneck in data-intensive workloads due to large datasets and irregular access patterns that lead to frequent high-latency page table walks (PTWs). PTWs can be reduced by using (i) large hardware TLBs…

High-speed packet processing on multicore CPUs places extreme demands on memory allocators. In systems like DPDK, fixed-size memory pools back packet buffers (mbufs) to avoid costly dynamic allocation. However, even DPDK's optimized mempool…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Junyi Yang

Tiered memory systems consisting of fast small memory and slow large memory have emerged to provide high capacity memory in a cost-effective way. The effectiveness of tiered memory systems relies on how many memory accesses can be absorbed…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Hyungjun Cho , Igjae Kim , Kwanghoon Choi , Hongjin Kim , Wonjae Lee , Junhyeok Im , Jinin So , Jaehyuk Huh

Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) architecture imposes numerous performance challenges to today's cloud workloads. Due to the complexity and the massive scale of modern warehouse-scale computers (WSCs), a lot of efforts need to be done to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yueji Liu , Jun Jin , Wenhui Shu , Shiyong Li , Yongzhan He

Tuning a database system to achieve optimal performance on a given workload is a long-standing problem in the database community. A number of recent works have leveraged ML-based approaches to guide the sampling of large parameter spaces…