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Energy-based models (EBMs), a.k.a. un-normalized models, have had recent successes in continuous spaces. However, they have not been successfully applied to model text sequences. While decreasing the energy at training samples is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Anton Bakhtin , Sam Gross , Myle Ott , Yuntian Deng , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato , Arthur Szlam

Since the proliferation of LLMs, there have been concerns about their misuse for harmful content creation and spreading. Recent studies justify such fears, providing evidence of LLM vulnerabilities and high potential of their misuse. Humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Dominik Macko , Robert Moro , Ivan Srba

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capability to generate fluent responses to a wide variety of user queries. However, this has also raised concerns about the potential misuse of such texts in journalism, education,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a major step toward artificial general intelligence, significantly advancing our ability to interact with technology. While LLMs perform well on Natural Language Processing tasks -- such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Brandon Smith , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Tahsin Alamgir Kheya , Phillip Dawson , Sunil Aryal

Large language models (LLMs) have reached human-like proficiency in generating diverse textual content, underscoring the necessity for effective fake text detection to avoid potential risks such as fake news in social media. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhixin Lai , Xuesheng Zhang , Suiyao Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are a powerful tool for statistical text analysis, with derived sequences of next-token probability distributions offering a wealth of information. Extracting this signal typically relies on metrics such as…

The misuse of large language models (LLMs), such as academic plagiarism, has driven the development of detectors to identify LLM-generated texts. To bypass these detectors, paraphrase attacks have emerged to purposely rewrite these texts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Hao Fang , Jiawei Kong , Tianqu Zhuang , Yixiang Qiu , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the domain of natural language processing (NLP) with remarkable capabilities of generating human-like text responses. However, despite these advancements, several works in the existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Souradip Chakraborty , Jonas Geiping , Furong Huang , Dinesh Manocha , Amrit Singh Bedi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, recent literature reveals that LLMs generate nonfactual responses intermittently, which impedes the LLMs' reliability for further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yukun Zhao , Lingyong Yan , Weiwei Sun , Guoliang Xing , Chong Meng , Shuaiqiang Wang , Zhicong Cheng , Zhaochun Ren , Dawei Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing, exhibiting impressive human-like capabilities. In particular, LLMs are capable of "lying", knowingly outputting false statements. Hence, it is of interest and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Lennart Bürger , Fred A. Hamprecht , Boaz Nadler

Verifying the provenance of content is crucial to the functioning of many organizations, e.g., educational institutions, social media platforms, and firms. This problem is becoming increasingly challenging as text generated by Large…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-24 Tara Radvand , Mojtaba Abdolmaleki , Mohamed Mostagir , Ambuj Tewari

Reading and evaluating product reviews is central to how most people decide what to buy and consume online. However, the recent emergence of Large Language Models and Generative Artificial Intelligence now means writing fraudulent or fake…

Detecting text generated by modern large language models is thought to be hard, as both LLMs and humans can exhibit a wide range of complex behaviors. However, we find that a score based on contrasting two closely related language models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Abhimanyu Hans , Avi Schwarzschild , Valeriia Cherepanova , Hamid Kazemi , Aniruddha Saha , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integrated into our daily lives, serving as invaluable assistants in completing tasks. Widely embraced by users, the abuse of LLMs is inevitable, particularly in using them to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Quang-Dan Tran , Van-Quan Nguyen , Quang-Huy Pham , K. B. Thang Nguyen , Trong-Hop Do

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and Claude 3.5, underscores the need to distinguish LLM-generated text from human-written content to mitigate the spread of misinformation and misuse in education. One…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-11 Xingchi Li , Xiaochi Liu , Guanxun Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for high-stakes decision-making, yet existing approaches struggle to reconcile scalability, interpretability, and reproducibility. Black-box models obscure their reasoning, while recent…

Verifiable generation aims to let the large language model (LLM) generate text with supporting documents, which enables the user to flexibly verify the answer and makes the LLM's output more reliable. Retrieval plays a crucial role in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Xiaonan Li , Changtai Zhu , Linyang Li , Zhangyue Yin , Tianxiang Sun , Xipeng Qiu

Having a clean dataset has been the foundational assumption of most natural language processing (NLP) systems. However, properly written text is rarely found in real-world scenarios and hence, oftentimes invalidates the aforementioned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Ayush Singh , Navpreet Singh , Shubham Vatsal

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in the social sciences to simulate human behavior, based on the assumption that they can generate realistic, human-like text. Yet this assumption remains largely untested. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Nicolò Pagan , Petter Törnberg , Christopher A. Bail , Anikó Hannák , Christopher Barrie

It has been shown that finetuned transformers and other supervised detectors effectively distinguish between human and machine-generated text in some situations arXiv:2305.13242, but we find that even simple classifiers on top of n-gram and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Hope McGovern , Rickard Stureborg , Yoshi Suhara , Dimitris Alikaniotis