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The earliest extant Chinese characters originate from oracle bone inscriptions, which are closely related to other East Asian languages. These inscriptions hold immense value for anthropology and archaeology. However, deciphering oracle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Haisu Guan , Jinpeng Wan , Yuliang Liu , Pengjie Wang , Kaile Zhang , Zhebin Kuang , Xinyu Wang , Xiang Bai , Lianwen Jin

Understanding humanity's earliest writing systems is crucial for reconstructing civilization's origins, yet many ancient scripts remain undeciphered. Oracle Bone Script (OBS) from China's Shang dynasty exemplifies this challenge: only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yin Wu , Gangjian Zhang , Jiayu Chen , Chang Xu , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang , Hui Xiong

Oracle bone inscriptions(OBI) is the earliest developed writing system in China, bearing invaluable written exemplifications of early Shang history and paleography. However, the task of deciphering OBI, in the current climate of the…

Originating from China's Shang Dynasty approximately 3,000 years ago, the Oracle Bone Script (OBS) is a cornerstone in the annals of linguistic history, predating many established writing systems. Despite the discovery of thousands of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Haisu Guan , Huanxin Yang , Xinyu Wang , Shengwei Han , Yongge Liu , Lianwen Jin , Xiang Bai , Yuliang Liu

Deciphering oracle bone characters (OBCs), the oldest attested form of written Chinese, has remained the ultimate, unwavering goal of scholars, offering an irreplaceable key to understanding humanity's early modes of production. Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zijian Chen , Wenjie Hua , Jinhao Li , Lirong Deng , Fan Du , Tingzhu Chen , Guangtao Zhai

Oracle Bone Inscription (OBI) is the earliest mature writing system in China, which represents a crucial stage in the development of hieroglyphs. Nevertheless, the substantial quantity of undeciphered OBI characters remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zhicong Wu , Qifeng Su , Ke Gu , Xiaodong Shi

As the oldest mature writing system, Oracle Bone Script (OBS) has long posed significant challenges for archaeological decipherment due to its rarity, abstractness, and pictographic diversity. Current deep learning-based methods have made…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Kaixin Peng , Mengyang Zhao , Haiyang Yu , Teng Fu , Bin Li

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is one of the oldest existing forms of writing in the world. However, due to the great antiquity of the era, a large number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions (OBI) remain undeciphered, making it one of the global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Pengjie Wang , Kaile Zhang , Xinyu Wang , Shengwei Han , Yongge Liu , Lianwen Jin , Xiang Bai , Yuliang Liu

Oracle bone inscriptions (OBIs) contain some of the oldest characters in the world and were used in China about 3000 years ago. As an ancient form of literature, OBIs store a lot of information that can help us understand the world history,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Yoshiyuki Fujikawa , Hengyi Li , Xuebin Yue , Aravinda C , Amar Prabhu G , Lin Meng

Oracle bone script (OBS), as China's earliest mature writing system, present significant challenges in automatic recognition due to their complex pictographic structures and divergence from modern Chinese characters. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Hanqi Jiang , Yi Pan , Junhao Chen , Zhengliang Liu , Yifan Zhou , Peng Shu , Yiwei Li , Huaqin Zhao , Stephen Mihm , Lewis C Howe , Tianming Liu

Oracle character recognition-an analysis of ancient Chinese inscriptions found on oracle bones-has become a pivotal field intersecting archaeology, paleography, and historical cultural studies. Traditional methods of oracle character…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jing Li , Xueke Chi , Qiufeng Wang , Dahan Wang , Kaizhu Huang , Yongge Liu , Cheng-lin Liu

Oracle bone script is the earliest-known Chinese writing system of the Shang dynasty and is precious to archeology and philology. However, real-world scanned oracle data are rare and few experts are available for annotation which make the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Mei Wang , Weihong Deng , Cheng-Lin Liu

As one of the earliest ancient languages, Oracle Bone Script (OBS) encapsulates the cultural records and intellectual expressions of ancient civilizations. Despite the discovery of approximately 4,500 OBS characters, only about 1,600 have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Caoshuo Li , Zengmao Ding , Xiaobin Hu , Bang Li , Donghao Luo , AndyPian Wu , Chaoyang Wang , Chengjie Wang , Taisong Jin , SevenShu , Yunsheng Wu , Yongge Liu , Rongrong Ji

Oracle bone inscriptions (OBIs) are the earliest known form of Chinese characters and serve as a valuable resource for research in anthropology and archaeology. However, most excavated fragments are severely degraded due to thousands of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Jinhao Li , Zijian Chen , Tingzhu Chen , Zhiji Liu , Changbo Wang

Oracle Bone Inscriptions (OBIs), play a crucial role in understanding ancient Chinese civilization. The automated detection of OBIs from rubbing images represents a fundamental yet challenging task in digital archaeology, primarily due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ye Tao , Xinran Fu , Honglin Pang , Xi Yang , Chuntao Li

Constructing historical language models (LMs) plays a crucial role in aiding archaeological provenance studies and understanding ancient cultures. However, existing resources present major challenges for training effective LMs on historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Xiaolei Diao , Zhihan Zhou , Lida Shi , Ting Wang , Ruihua Qi , Hao Xu , Daqian Shi

Ancient scripts, e.g., Egyptian hieroglyphs, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and Ancient Greek inscriptions, serve as vital carriers of human civilization, embedding invaluable historical and cultural information. Automating ancient script image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Xiaolei Diao , Rite Bo , Yanling Xiao , Lida Shi , Zhihan Zhou , Hao Xu , Chuntao Li , Xiongfeng Tang , Massimo Poesio , Cédric M. John , Daqian Shi

As one of the earliest writing systems, Oracle Bone Script (OBS) preserves the cultural and intellectual heritage of ancient civilizations. However, current OBS research faces two major challenges: (1) the interpretation of OBS involves a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Caoshuo Li , Zengmao Ding , Xiaobin Hu , Bang Li , Donghao Luo , Xu Peng , Taisong Jin , Yongge Liu , Shengwei Han , Jing Yang , Xiaoping He , Feng Gao , AndyPian Wu , SevenShu , Chaoyang Wang , Chengjie Wang

Foundational to the Chinese language and culture, Chinese characters encompass extraordinarily extensive and ever-expanding categories, with the latest Chinese GB18030-2022 standard containing 87,887 categories. The accurate recognition of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yuyi Zhang , Yongxin Shi , Peirong Zhang , Yixin Zhao , Zhenhua Yang , Lianwen Jin

The oracle bone inscription (OBI) recognition plays a significant role in understanding the history and culture of ancient China. However, the existing OBI datasets suffer from a long-tail distribution problem, leading to biased performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Jinhao Li , Zijian Chen , Runze Jiang , Tingzhu Chen , Changbo Wang , Guangtao Zhai
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