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In live streaming applications, a fixed set of bitrate-resolution pairs (known as bitrate ladder) is generally used to avoid additional pre-processing run-time to analyze the complexity of every video content and determine the optimized…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Vignesh V Menon , Hadi Amirpour , Prajit T Rajendran , Mohammad Ghanbari , Christian Timmerer

Traditional per-title encoding schemes aim to optimize encoding resolutions to deliver the highest perceptual quality for each representation. However, keeping the encoding time within an acceptable threshold for a smooth user experience is…

In video streaming applications, a fixed set of bitrate-resolution pairs (known as a bitrate ladder) is typically used during the entire streaming session. However, an optimized bitrate ladder per scene may result in (i) decreased storage…

With the emergence of multiple modern video codecs, streaming service providers are forced to encode, store, and transmit bitrate ladders of multiple codecs separately, consequently suffering from additional energy costs for encoding,…

In today's digital landscape, video content dominates internet traffic, underscoring the need for efficient video processing to support seamless live streaming experiences on platforms like YouTube Live, Twitch, and Facebook Live. This…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Zahra Nabizadeh , Maedeh Jamali , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi , Shahram Shirani

HTTP video streaming is in wide use to deliver video over the Internet. With HTTP adaptive steaming, a video playback dynamically selects a video stream from a pre-encoded representation based on available bandwidth and viewport (screen)…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Chao Chen , Yao-Chung Lin , Anil Kokaram , Steve Benting

Video streaming often requires transcoding content into different resolutions and bitrates to match the recipient's internet speed and screen capabilities. Video encoders like x264 offer various presets, each with different tradeoffs…

The demand for high-quality, real-time video streaming has grown exponentially, with 4K Ultra High Definition (UHD) becoming the new standard for many applications such as live broadcasting, TV services, and interactive cloud gaming. This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kasidis Arunruangsirilert , Jiro Katto

Adaptive live video streaming applications use a fixed predefined configuration for the bitrate ladder with constant framerate and encoding presets in a session. However, selecting optimized framerates and presets for every bitrate ladder…

Adaptive video streaming has facilitated improved video streaming over the past years. A balance among coding performance objectives such as bitrate, video quality, and decoding complexity is required to achieve efficient, content- and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Angeliki Katsenou , Vignesh V. Menon , Guoda Laurinaviciute , Benjamin Bross , Detlev Marpe

Conventional per-title encoding schemes strive to optimize encoding resolutions to deliver the utmost perceptual quality for each bitrate ladder representation. Nevertheless, maintaining encoding time within an acceptable threshold is…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Vignesh V Menon , Prajit T Rajendran , Amritha Premkumar , Benjamin Bross , Detlev Marpe

Pareto-front optimization is crucial for addressing the multi-objective challenges in video streaming, enabling the identification of optimal trade-offs between conflicting goals such as bitrate, video quality, and decoding complexity. This…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Angeliki Katsenou , Vignesh V Menon , Adam Wieckowski , Benjamin Bross , Detlev Marpe

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is a widely adopted method for delivering video content over the Internet, requiring each video to be encoded at multiple bitrates and resolution pairs, known as representations, to adapt to various network…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kamran Qureshi , Hadi Amirpour , Christian Timmerer

One of the challenges faced by many video providers is the heterogeneity of network specifications, user requirements, and content compression performance. The universal solution of a fixed bitrate ladder is inadequate in ensuring a high…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Angeliki V. Katsenou , Joel Sole , David R. Bull

Just Noticeable Difference (JND) model developed based on Human Vision System (HVS) through subjective studies is valuable for many multimedia use cases. In the streaming industries, it is commonly applied to reach a good balance between…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-23 Jingwen Zhu , Suiyi Ling , Yoann Baveye , Patrick Le Callet

Providing wireless users with high-quality video content has become increasingly important. However, ensuring consistent video quality poses challenges due to variable encoded bitrate caused by dynamic video content and fluctuating channel…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Matin Mortaheb , Mohammad A. Amir Khojastepour , Srimat T. Chakradhar , Sennur Ulukus

The growth in video Internet traffic and advancements in video attributes such as framerate, resolution, and bit-depth boost the demand to devise a large-scale, highly efficient video encoding environment. This is even more essential for…

Adaptive video streaming is a key enabler for optimising the delivery of offline encoded video content. The research focus to date has been on optimisation, based solely on rate-quality curves. This paper adds an additional dimension, the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-13 Angeliki Katsenou , Xinyi Wang , Daniel Schien , David Bull

Video-on-demand streaming has benefitted from \textit{content-adaptive encoding} (CAE), i.e., adaptation of resolution and/or quantization parameters for each scene based on convex hull optimization. However, CAE is very challenging to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Shakarim Soltanayev , Odysseas Zisimopoulos , Mohammad Ashraful Anam , Man Cheung Kung , Angeliki Katsenou , Yiannis Andreopoulos

In HTTP Adaptive Streaming, video content is conventionally encoded by adapting its spatial resolution and quantization level to best match the prevailing network state and display characteristics. It is well known that the traditional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-17 Angeliki V. Katsenou , Fan Zhang , Kyle Swanson , Mariana Afonso , Joel Sole , David R. Bull
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