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The rapid proliferation of deep neural networks (DNNs) across several domains has led to increasing concerns regarding intellectual property (IP) protection and model misuse. Trained DNNs represent valuable assets, often developed through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sangeeth B , Serena Nicolazzo , Deepa K. , Vinod P

Deep Neural Network (DNN) watermarking is a method for provenance verification of DNN models. Watermarking should be robust against watermark removal attacks that derive a surrogate model that evades provenance verification. Many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Nils Lukas , Edward Jiang , Xinda Li , Florian Kerschbaum

Machine learning models constitute valuable intellectual property, yet remain vulnerable to model extraction attacks (MEA), where adversaries replicate their functionality through black-box queries. Model watermarking counters MEAs by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yaxin Xiao , Qingqing Ye , Zi Liang , Haoyang Li , RongHua Li , Huadi Zheng , Haibo Hu

Embedding as a Service (EaaS) has become a widely adopted solution, which offers feature extraction capabilities for addressing various downstream tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Prior studies have shown that EaaS can be prone…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Anudeex Shetty , Yue Teng , Ke He , Qiongkai Xu

Natural language generation (NLG) applications have gained great popularity due to the powerful deep learning techniques and large training corpus. The deployed NLG models may be stolen or used without authorization, while watermarking has…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Tao Xiang , Chunlong Xie , Shangwei Guo , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have already achieved great success in a lot of application areas and brought profound changes to our society. However, it also raises new security problems, among which how to protect the intellectual property…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Hanzhou Wu

In this paper, we propose a novel DNN watermarking method that utilizes a learnable image transformation method with a secret key. The proposed method embeds a watermark pattern in a model by using learnable transformed images and allows us…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-12 MaungMaung AprilPyone , Hitoshi Kiya

Due to costly efforts during data acquisition and model training, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) belong to the intellectual property of the model creator. Hence, unauthorized use, theft, or modification may lead to legal repercussions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Torsten Krauß , Jasper Stang , Alexandra Dmitrienko

Deep neural network (DNN) watermarking is a suitable method for protecting the ownership of deep learning (DL) models. It secretly embeds an identifier (watermark) within the model, which can be retrieved by the owner to prove ownership. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Reda Bellafqira , Gouenou Coatrieux

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), from AlexNet to ResNet to ChatGPT, have made revolutionary progress in recent years, and are widely used in various fields. The high performance of DNNs requires a huge amount of high-quality data, expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Yuchen Sun , Tianpeng Liu , Panhe Hu , Qing Liao , Shaojing Fu , Nenghai Yu , Deke Guo , Yongxiang Liu , Li Liu

In practical application, the widespread deployment of diffusion models often necessitates substantial investment in training. As diffusion models find increasingly diverse applications, concerns about potential misuse highlight the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Jijia Yang , Sen Peng , Xiaohua Jia

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) requires large datasets and powerful computing resources, which has led some owners to restrict redistribution without permission. Watermarking techniques that embed confidential data into DNNs have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Seonhye Park , Alsharif Abuadbba , Shuo Wang , Kristen Moore , Yansong Gao , Hyoungshick Kim , Surya Nepal

The prosperity of deep neural networks (DNNs) is largely benefited from open-source datasets, based on which users can evaluate and improve their methods. In this paper, we revisit backdoor-based dataset ownership verification (DOV), which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Junfeng Guo , Yiming Li , Lixu Wang , Shu-Tao Xia , Heng Huang , Cong Liu , Bo Li

Deep neural network (DNN) with the state of art performance has emerged as a viable and lucrative business service. However, those impressive performances require a large number of computational resources, which comes at a high cost for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-20 XiangRui Xu , YaQin Li , Cao Yuan

Following the recent adoption of deep neural networks (DNN) accross a wide range of applications, adversarial attacks against these models have proven to be an indisputable threat. Adversarial samples are crafted with a deliberate intention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Valentina Zantedeschi , Maria-Irina Nicolae , Ambrish Rawat

With the increasing application value of machine learning, the intellectual property (IP) rights of deep neural networks (DNN) are getting more and more attention. With our analysis, most of the existing DNN watermarking methods can resist…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Tzu-Yun Chien , Chih-Ya Shen

Recent attacks on Machine Learning (ML) models such as evasion attacks with adversarial examples and models stealing through extraction attacks pose several security and privacy threats. Prior work proposes to use adversarial training to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Kacem Khaled , Gabriela Nicolescu , Felipe Gohring de Magalhães

The training and creation of deep learning model is usually costly, thus it can be regarded as an intellectual property (IP) of the model creator. However, malicious users who obtain high-performance models may illegally copy, redistribute,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Mingfu Xue , Yushu Zhang , Jian Wang , Weiqiang Liu

Deep neural networks are playing an important role in many real-life applications. After being trained with abundant data and computing resources, a deep neural network model providing service is endowed with economic value. An important…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Fangqi Li , Shilin Wang

Deep Learning (DL) models have become crucial in digital transformation, thus raising concerns about their intellectual property rights. Different watermarking techniques have been developed to protect Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) from IP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Alessandro Pegoraro , Carlotta Segna , Kavita Kumari , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi