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Related papers: P not equal to NP

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In this paper we explore fundamental concepts in computational complexity theory and the boundaries of algorithmic decidability. We examine the relationship between complexity classes \textbf{P} and \textbf{NP}, where $L \in \textbf{P}$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Duaa Abdullah , Jasem Hamoud

I present a single algorithm which solves the clique problems, "What is the largest size clique?", "What are all the maximal cliques?" and the decision problem, "Does a clique of size k exist?" for any given graph in polynomial time. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Michael LaPlante

This is the latest in a series of articles aimed at exploring the relationship between the complexity classes of P and NP. In the previous papers, we have proved that the sat CNF problem is polynomially reduced to the problem of finding a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Stepan G. Margaryan

In complexity theory, there exists a famous unsolved problem whether NP can be P or not. In this paper, we discuss this aspect in SAT (satisfiability) problem, and it is shown that the SAT can be solved in plynomial time by means of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Masanori Ohya , Natsuki Masuda

The $P$ versus $NP$ problem is still unsolved. But there are several oracles with $P$ unequal $NP$ relative to them. Here we will prove, that $P\not=NP$ relative to a $P$-complete oracle. In this paper, we use padding arguments as the proof…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Reiner Czerwinski

This paper presents a complete algorithmic study of the decision Boolean Satisfiability Problem under the classical computation and quantum computation theories. The paper depicts deterministic and probabilistic algorithms, propositions of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Carlos Barrón-Romero

We compare the complexity of the search and decision problems for the complexity class S2P. While Cai (2007) showed that the decision problem is contained in ZPP^NP, we show that the search problem is equivalent to TFNP^NP, the class of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Lance Fortnow

The objective of this article is to formalize the definition of NP problems. We construct a mathematical model of discrete problems as independence systems with weighted elements. We introduce two auxiliary sets that characterize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Anatoly D. Plotnikov

We develop a complexity theory for approximate real computations. We first produce a theory for exact computations but with condition numbers. The input size depends on a condition number, which is not assumed known by the machine. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Gregorio Malajovich , Mike Shub

We show that the problem of finding a Resolution refutation that is at most polynomially longer than a shortest one is NP-hard. In the parlance of proof complexity, Resolution is not automatizable unless P = NP. Indeed, we show it is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Albert Atserias , Moritz Müller

We study the complexity classes P and NP through a semigroup fP ("polynomial-time functions"), consisting of all polynomially balanced polynomial-time computable partial functions. Then P is not equal to NP iff fP is a non-regular…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-09 J. C. Birget

This paper demonstrates the relativity of Computability and Nondeterministic; the nondeterministic is just Turing's undecidable Decision rather than the Nondeterministic Polynomial time. Based on analysis about TM, UM, DTM, NTM, Turing…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-01-09 Jian-Ming Zhou

A polynomial algorithm is obtained for the NP-complete linear ordering problem.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Givi Bolotashvili

The class $\mathcal{UP}$ of `ultimate polynomial time' problems over $\mathbb C$ is introduced; it contains the class $\mathcal P$ of polynomial time problems over $\mathbb C$. The $\tau$-Conjecture for polynomials implies that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Gregorio Malajovich

The notion of nondeterminism has disappeared from the current definition of NP, which has led to ambiguities in understanding NP, and caused fundamental difficulties in studying the relation P versus NP. In this paper, we question the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-01-09 Yu Li

There is no known polynomial-time algorithm that can solve an NP problem. Evolutionary search has been shown to be a viable method of finding acceptable solutions within a reasonable time period. Recently quantum computers have surfaced as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. W. Greenwood

This paper talk about that NP is not AL and P, P is not NC, NC is not NL, and NL is not L. The point about this paper is the depend relation of the problem that need other problem's result to compute it. I show the structure of depend…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-11-22 Koji Kobayashi

It is shown that graph-theoretic problem CLIQUE can't be solved in polynomial time by any deterministic TM. This upgrades the well-known partial result that claims only monotone unsolvability thereof, and eventually implies P $\neq$ NP as…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Lev Gordeev

Strong bisimilarity on normed BPA is polynomial-time decidable, while weak bisimilarity on totally normed BPA is NP-hard. It is natural to ask where the computational complexity of branching bisimilarity on totally normed BPA lies. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Chaodong He

There is a subset of computational problems that are computable in polynomial time for which an existing algorithm may not complete due to a lack of high performance technology on a mission field. We define a subclass of deterministic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-30 Venkat R. Dasari , Mee Seong Im , Billy Geerhart