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Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference by using a smaller draft model to speculate tokens that a larger target model verifies. Verification is often the bottleneck (e.g. verification is $4\times$ slower than token generation when a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Avinash Kumar , Sujay Sanghavi , Poulami Das

This paper introduces SpecInfer, a system that accelerates generative large language model (LLM) serving with tree-based speculative inference and verification. The key idea behind SpecInfer is leveraging small speculative models to predict…

Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex reasoning is often hindered by high computational costs and latency, while resource-efficient Small Language Models (SLMs) typically lack the necessary reasoning capacity. Existing collaborative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Chengsong Huang , Tong Zheng , Langlin Huang , Jinyuan Li , Haolin Liu , Jiaxin Huang

This technical report briefly describes our JDExplore d-team's Vega v2 submission on the SuperGLUE leaderboard. SuperGLUE is more challenging than the widely used general language understanding evaluation (GLUE) benchmark, containing eight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Yibing Zhan , Yu Qiao , Yonggang Wen , Li Shen , Juhua Liu , Baosheng Yu , Bo Du , Yixin Chen , Xinbo Gao , Chunyan Miao , Xiaoou Tang , Dacheng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for long-content generation (e.g., long Chain-of-Thought reasoning) where decoding efficiency becomes a critical bottleneck: Autoregressive decoding is inherently limited by its sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhepei Wei , Wei-Lin Chen , Xinyu Zhu , Yu Meng

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong results on a range of applications, including regression and scoring tasks. Typically, one obtains outputs from an LLM via autoregressive sampling from the model's output distribution. We show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Michal Lukasik , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Aditya Krishna Menon , Felix Yu , Sanjiv Kumar

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) makes it important to recognize their strengths and limitations. We argue that in order to develop a holistic understanding of these systems we need to consider the problem that they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 R. Thomas McCoy , Shunyu Yao , Dan Friedman , Matthew Hardy , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled in various tasks but perform better in high-resource scenarios, which presents challenges in low-resource scenarios. Data scarcity and the inherent difficulty of adapting LLMs to specific tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuanhao Zeng , Min Wang , Yihang Wang , Yingxia Shao

Modern Large Language Models achieve impressive reasoning capabilities with long Chain of Thoughts, but they incur substantial computational cost during inference, and this motivates techniques to improve the performance-cost ratio. Among…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted extensive attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements of LLM inference pose challenges for deployment in…

Speculative sampling is a popular technique for accelerating inference in Large Language Models by generating candidate tokens using a fast draft model and accepting or rejecting them based on the target model's distribution. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Valentin De Bortoli , Alexandre Galashov , Arthur Gretton , Arnaud Doucet

Large language models (LLMs) have shown outstanding performance across numerous real-world tasks. However, the autoregressive nature of these models makes the inference process slow and costly. Speculative decoding has emerged as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Zongyue Qin , Zifan He , Neha Prakriya , Jason Cong , Yizhou Sun

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in mobile and edge computing environments is constrained by limited on-device resources, scarce wireless bandwidth, and frequent model evolution. Although edge-cloud collaborative inference with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuchen Li , Rui Kong , Zhonghao Lyu , Qiyang Li , Xinran Chen , Hengyi Cai , Lingyong Yan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Jiashu Zhao , Guangxu Zhu , Linghe Kong , Guihai Chen , Haoyi Xiong , Dawei Yin

Accurate cancer survival prediction requires integration of diverse data modalities that reflect the complex interplay between imaging, clinical parameters, and textual reports. However, existing multimodal approaches suffer from simplistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Aakash Tripathi , Asim Waqas , Matthew B. Schabath , Yasin Yilmaz , Ghulam Rasool

Auto-regressive decoding in Large Language Models (LLMs) is inherently memory-bound: every generation step requires loading the model weights and intermediate results from memory (e.g., High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) for GPU servers), making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yuning Han , Yangchenchen Jin , Dylan Zhao , Jingwei Sun

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), a core component of the task-oriented dialogue system, expects a shorter inference latency due to the impatience of humans. Non-autoregressive SLU models clearly increase the inference speed but suffer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Lizhi Cheng , Weijia Jia , Wenmian Yang

Speculative decoding (SD) has proven effective for accelerating LLM inference by quickly generating draft tokens and verifying them in parallel. However, SD remains largely unexplored for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), which extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Minjae Lee , Wonjun Kang , Byeongkeun Ahn , Christian Classen , Kevin Galim , Seunghyuk Oh , Minghao Yan , Hyung Il Koo , Kangwook Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Exploiting the heterogeneous capabilities of edge LLMs is crucial for diverse emerging applications, as it…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Lyudong Jin , Yanning Zhang , Yanhan Li , Shurong Wang , Howard H. Yang , Jian Wu , Meng Zhang

Conventional predictive modeling of parametric relationships in manufacturing processes is limited by the subjectivity of human expertise and intuition on the one hand and by the cost and time of experimental data generation on the other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Kiarash Naghavi Khanghah , Anandkumar Patel , Rajiv Malhotra , Hongyi Xu

Recent advancements and widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in both industry and academia have catalyzed significant demand for LLM serving. However, traditional cloud services incur high costs, while on-device inference…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yida Zhang , Zhiyong Gao , Shuaibing Yue , Jie Li , Rui Wang