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Machine learning (ML) is increasingly applied across industries to automate decision-making, but concerns about ethical and legal compliance remain due to limited transparency, fairness, and accountability. Monitoring through logging a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Patrick Loic Foalem , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh , Heng Li , Ettore Merlo

With increasing ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern societies, individual countries and the international community are working hard to create an innovation-friendly, yet safe, regulatory environment. Adequate regulation is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Olivia J. Erdélyi , Judy Goldsmith

This article offers several contributions to the interdisciplinary project of responsible research and innovation in data science and AI. First, it provides a critical analysis of current efforts to establish practical mechanisms for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Christopher Burr , David Leslie

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming sectors such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, offering powerful tools for innovation. Yet its rapid integration raises urgent ethical concerns related to data ownership, privacy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aasish Kumar Sharma , Dimitar Kyosev , Julian Kunkel

Given rapid progress toward advanced AI and risks from frontier AI systems (advanced AI systems pushing the boundaries of the AI capabilities frontier), the creation and implementation of AI governance and regulatory schemes deserves…

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly impact society, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) is the first serious legislative attempt to contain the harmful effects of AI systems. This paper proposes a governance framework…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Diptish Dey , Debarati Bhaumik

The advent of advanced AI underscores the urgent need for comprehensive safety evaluations, necessitating collaboration across communities (i.e., AI, software engineering, and governance). However, divergent practices and terminologies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Zhenchang Xing

The organizational use of artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly spread across various sectors. Alongside the awareness of the benefits brought by AI, there is a growing consensus on the necessity of tackling the risks and potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Matti Mäntymäki , Matti Minkkinen , Teemu Birkstedt , Mika Viljanen

A growing body of literature has proposed formal approaches to audit algorithmic systems for biased and harmful behaviors. While formal auditing approaches have been greatly impactful, they often suffer major blindspots, with critical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Hong Shen , Alicia DeVos , Motahhare Eslami , Kenneth Holstein

Algorithmic decision making is now widespread, ranging from health care allocation to more common actions such as recommendation or information ranking. The aim to audit these algorithms has grown alongside. In this paper, we focus on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Erwan Le Merrer , Ronan Pons , Gilles Trédan

Recently, the use of sound measures and metrics in Artificial Intelligence has become the subject of interest of academia, government, and industry. Efforts towards measuring different phenomena have gained traction in the AI community, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Pedro H. C. Avelar , Rafael B. Audibert , Anderson R. Tavares , Luís C. Lamb

Artificial intelligence risks are multidimensional in nature, as the same risk scenarios may have legal, operational, and financial risk dimensions. With the emergence of new AI regulations, the state of the art of artificial intelligence…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Luis Enriquez Alvarez

The risks of frontier AI may require international cooperation, which in turn may require verification: checking that all parties follow agreed-on rules. For instance, states might need to verify that powerful AI models are widely deployed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Mauricio Baker , Gabriel Kulp , Oliver Marks , Miles Brundage , Lennart Heim

As AI systems advance and integrate into society, well-designed and transparent evaluations are becoming essential tools in AI governance, informing decisions by providing evidence about system capabilities and risks. Yet there remains a…

Increasingly, laws are being proposed and passed by governments around the world to regulate Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems implemented into the public and private sectors. Many of these regulations address the transparency of AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Andrew Bell , Oded Nov , Julia Stoyanovich

Numerous fairness metrics have been proposed and employed by artificial intelligence (AI) experts to quantitatively measure bias and define fairness in AI models. Recognizing the need to accommodate stakeholders' diverse fairness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Lin Luo , Yuri Nakao , Mathieu Chollet , Hiroya Inakoshi , Simone Stumpf

Privacy-preserving AI algorithms are widely adopted in various domains, but the lack of transparency might pose accountability issues. While auditing algorithms can address this issue, machine-based audit approaches are often costly and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Ya-Ting Yang , Tao Zhang , Quanyan Zhu

What makes safety claims about general purpose AI systems such as large language models trustworthy? We show that rather than the capabilities of security tools such as alignment and red teaming procedures, it is security practices based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Petr Spelda , Vit Stritecky

The recent development of powerful AI systems has highlighted the need for robust risk management frameworks in the AI industry. Although companies have begun to implement safety frameworks, current approaches often lack the systematic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Simeon Campos , Henry Papadatos , Fabien Roger , Chloé Touzet , Otter Quarks , Malcolm Murray

With increasing digitalization, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming ubiquitous. AI-based systems to identify, optimize, automate, and scale solutions to complex economic and societal problems are being proposed and implemented. This…