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Off-road autonomy validation presents unique challenges due to the unpredictable and dynamic nature of off-road environments. Traditional methods focusing on sequentially sweeping across the parameter space for variability analysis struggle…

The assurance of real-time properties is prone to context variability. Providing such assurance at design time would require to check all the possible context and system variations or to predict which one will be actually used. Both cases…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Arthur Rodrigues , Ricardo Diniz Caldas , Genaína Nunes Rodrigues , Thomas Vogel , Patrizio Pelliccione

Autonomous driving vehicles provide a vast potential for realizing use cases in the on-road and off-road domains. Consequently, remarkable solutions exist to autonomous systems' environmental perception and control. Nevertheless, proof of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Patrick Wolf

Variability in human response creates non-trivial challenges for modeling and control of human-automation systems. As autonomy becomes pervasive, methods that can accommodate human variability will become paramount, to ensure efficiency,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-06 Kendric R. Ortiz , Adam J. Thorpe , AnaMaria Perez , Maya Luster , Brandon J. Pitts , Meeko Oishi

Extracting interesting scenarios from real-world data as well as generating failure cases is important for the development and testing of autonomous systems. We propose efficient mechanisms to both characterize and generate testing…

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ji Zhou , Yongqi Zhao , Yixian Hu , Hexuan Li , Zhengguo Gu , Nan Xu , Arno Eichberger

Autonomous vehicles are more likely to be accepted if they drive accurately, comfortably, but also similar to how human drivers would. This is especially true when autonomous and human-driven vehicles need to share the same road. The main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Simon Hecker , Dengxin Dai , Luc Van Gool

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS) are expected to improve comfort, productivity and, most importantly, safety for all road users. To ensure that the systems are safe, rules and regulations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Pierluigi Olleja , Gustav Markkula , Jonas Bärgman

The increasing use of autonomous and semi-autonomous agents in society has made it crucial to validate their safety. However, the complex scenarios in which they are used may make formal verification impossible. To address this challenge,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-03 Jared J. Beard , Ali Baheri

An open problem for autonomous driving is how to validate the safety of an autonomous vehicle in simulation. Automated testing procedures can find failures of an autonomous system but these failures may be difficult to interpret due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

At Levels 2 and 3 of autonomous driving defined by the Society of Auto-motive Engineers, drivers must take on certain driving responsibilities, and automated driving must sometimes yield to human control. This situation can occur in real…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Md Sakib Galib Sourav , Liang Cheng

This paper addresses the problem of data-driven modeling and verification of perception-based autonomous systems. We assume the perception model can be decomposed into a canonical model (obtained from first principles or a simulator) and a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-13 Thomas Waite , Alexander Robey , Hassani Hamed , George J. Pappas , Radoslav Ivanov

Complete perception of the environment and its correct interpretation is crucial for autonomous vehicles. Object perception is the main component of automotive surround sensing. Various metrics already exist for the evaluation of object…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Georg Volk , Jörg Gamerdinger , Alexander von Bernuth , Oliver Bringmann

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) rely on real-time sensor data, such as cameras and LiDARs, for time-critical decisions using deep neural networks. The accuracy of these decisions is crucial for the widespread adoption of ADSs, as errors…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tri Minh Triet Pham , Bo Yang , Jinqiu Yang

The automotive industry is experiencing a transition from assisted to highly automated driving. New concepts for validation of Automated Driving System (ADS) include amongst other a shift from a "technology based" approach to a "scenario…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Ilona Cieslik , Víctor J. Expósito Jiménez , Helmut Martin , Heiko Scharke , Hannes Schneider

Discrete choice models (DCMs) have been widely utilized in various scientific fields, especially economics, for many years. These models consider a stochastic environment influencing each decision maker's choices. Extensive research has…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-13 Amirreza Talebi

With growing complexity and criticality of automated driving functions in road traffic and their operational design domains (ODD), there is increasing demand for covering significant proportions of development, validation, and verification…

The safety of Automated Vehicles (AV) as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) depends on the safety of their consisting modules (software and hardware) and their rigorous integration. Deep Learning is one of the dominant techniques used for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Mohammad Hekmatnejad , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos

Simulation-based testing remains the main approach for validating Autonomous Driving Systems. We propose a rigorous test method based on breaking down scenarios into simple ones, taking into account the fact that autopilots make decisions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Changwen Li , Joseph Sifakis , Rongjie Yan , Jian Zhang

Modern autonomous systems require extensive testing to ensure reliability and build trust in ground vehicles. However, testing these systems in the real-world is challenging due to the lack of large and diverse datasets, especially in edge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Xiangyu Bai , Yedi Luo , Le Jiang , Aniket Gupta , Pushyami Kaveti , Hanumant Singh , Sarah Ostadabbas
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