English
Related papers

Related papers: How does Simulation-based Testing for Self-driving…

200 papers

Software systems for safety-critical systems like self-driving cars (SDCs) need to be tested rigorously. Especially electronic control units (ECUs) of SDCs should be tested with realistic input data. In this context, a communication…

Scenario-based testing for automated driving systems (ADS) must be able to simulate traffic scenarios that rely on interactions with other vehicles. Although many languages for high-level scenario modelling have been proposed, they lack the…

Artificial intelligence (AI) features are increasingly being embedded in cars and are central to the operation of self-driving cars (SDC). There is little or no effort expended towards understanding and assessing the broad legal and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Scott McLachlan , Evangelia Kyrimi , Kudakwashe Dube , Norman Fenton , Burkhard Schafer

In this work, we consider the safety-oriented performance of 3D object detectors in autonomous driving contexts. Specifically, despite impressive results shown by the mass literature, developers often find it hard to ensure the safe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao , Chih-Hong Cheng , Hasan Esen , Alois Knoll

With the increasing safety validation requirements for the release of a self-driving car, alternative approaches, such as simulation-based testing, are emerging in addition to conventional real-world testing. In order to rely on virtual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Anthony Ngo , Max Paul Bauer , Michael Resch

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years. An important aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of their safety. New approaches need to be worked out. Among these, real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Erwin de Gelder , Olaf Op den Camp

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) promise improved transportation efficiency and safety, yet ensuring their reliability in complex real-world environments remains a critical challenge. Effective testing is essential to validate ADS…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yihan Liao , Jingyu Zhang , Jacky Keung , Yan Xiao , Yurou Dai

Real-time safety metrics are important for the automated driving system (ADS) to assess the risk of driving situations and to assist the decision-making. Although a number of real-time safety metrics have been proposed in the literature,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Xintao Yan , Shuo Feng , David J. LeBlanc , Carol Flannagan , Henry X. Liu

As the development of autonomous driving (AD) and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) progresses, the relevance of the comfort of users is gaining increasing interest. It becomes significant to test and validate perceived comfort…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Felix Bognar , Markus Oster , Herman Van der Auweraer , Tong Duy Son

Autonomous vehicles rely heavily upon their perception subsystems to see the environment in which they operate. Unfortunately, the effect of variable weather conditions presents a significant challenge to object detection algorithms, and…

Background/Context. The use of automated driving systems (ADSs) in the real world requires rigorous testing to ensure safety. To increase trust, ADSs should be tested on a large set of diverse road scenarios. Literature suggests that if a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Stefan Klikovits , Vincenzo Riccio , Ezequiel Castellano , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Arcaini

Simulation-based testing of automated driving systems (ADS) is the industry standard, being a controlled, safe, and cost-effective alternative to real-world testing. Despite these advantages, virtual simulations often fail to accurately…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi , Andrea Stocco

The usage of environment sensor models for virtual testing is a promising approach to reduce the testing effort of autonomous driving. However, in order to deduce any statements regarding the performance of an autonomous driving function…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Anthony Ngo , Max Paul Bauer , Michael Resch

Vehicle performance metrics analyze data sets consisting of subject vehicle's interactions with other road users in a nominal driving environment and provide certain performance measures as outputs. To the best of the authors' knowledge,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Harnarayan Singh , Bowen Weng , Sughosh J. Rao , Devin Elsasser

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have seen rapid progress in recent years. To ensure the safety and reliability of these systems, extensive testings are being conducted before their future mass deployment. Testing the system on the road is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ziyuan Zhong , Yun Tang , Yuan Zhou , Vania de Oliveira Neves , Yang Liu , Baishakhi Ray

The increasing levels of software- and data-intensive driving automation call for an evolution of automotive software testing. As a recommended practice of the Verification and Validation (V&V) process of ISO/PAS 21448, a candidate standard…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Markus Borg , Raja Ben Abdessalem , Shiva Nejati , Francois-Xavier Jegeden , Donghwan Shin

Simulation-based testing represents an important step to ensure the reliability of autonomous driving software. In practice, when companies rely on third-party general-purpose simulators, either for in-house or outsourced testing, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Matteo Biagiola , Andrea Stocco , Vincenzo Riccio , Paolo Tonella

Despite extensive research, the testing of autonomous driving systems (ADS) landscape remains fragmented, and there is currently no basis for an informed technical assessment of the importance and contribution of the current state of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Changwen Li , Joseph Sifakis , Rongjie Yan , Jian Zhang

Self-driving vehicles (SDVs) must be rigorously tested on a wide range of scenarios to ensure safe deployment. The industry typically relies on closed-loop simulation to evaluate how the SDV interacts on a corpus of synthetic and real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jay Sarva , Jingkang Wang , James Tu , Yuwen Xiong , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Raquel Urtasun

This study proposes a method for qualitatively evaluating and designing human-like driver models for autonomous vehicles. While most existing research on human-likeness has been focused on quantitative evaluation, it is crucial to consider…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jemin Woo , Changsun Ahn