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Emerging extended reality technologies are reshaping how children play, learn, and socialize. Yet, they also present serious safety risks. Gaming, a primary form of entertainment for children, is also one of the key applications of XR.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zinan Zhang , Xinning Gui , Yubo Kou

Users of Internet of Things (IoT) devices are often unaware of their security risks and cannot sufficiently factor security considerations into their device selection. This puts networks, infrastructure and users at risk. We developed and…

Educational games have been widely used to teach children about cyber security. This systematic literature review reveals evidence of positive learning outcomes, after analysing 91 such games reported in 68 papers published between 2010 and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Temesgen Kitaw Damenu , İnci Zaim Gökbay , Alexandra Covaci , Shujun Li

With the growing number of older adults who adopt mobile technology in their life, a new form of challenge faces both them, as well as the software engineering communities. This challenge is the issue of safety, not only in the context of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-08-28 Bartłomiej Balcerzak , Wiesław Kopeć , Radosław Nielek , Kamil Warpechowski , Agnieszka Czajka

This paper introduces a two-pillar cyber risk management framework to address the pervasive challenges in managing cyber risk. The first pillar, cyber risk assessment, combines insurance frequency-severity models with cybersecurity cascade…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-01-13 Wing Fung Chong , Runhuan Feng , Hins Hu , Linfeng Zhang

Electronic identification (eID) systems allow citizens to assert and authenticate their identities for various purposes, such as accessing government services or conducting financial transactions. These systems improve user access to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jide Edu , Mark Hooper , Carsten Maple , Jon Crowcroft

In this research article, we explore the use of a design process for adapting existing cyber risk assessment standards to allow the calculation of economic impact from IoT cyber risk. The paper presents a new model that includes a design…

Cyber Security plays an important role in the field of information technology .Securing the information have become one of the biggest challenges in the present day. When ever we think about the cyber security the first thing that comes to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-11 G. Nikhita Reddy , G. J. Ugander Reddy

Cyber attacks on the healthcare industry can have tremendous consequences and the attack surface expands continuously. In order to handle the steadily rising workload, an expanding amount of analog processes in healthcare institutions is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Patrizia Heinl , Andrius Patapovas , Michael Pilgermann

This paper analyzes the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactions with children below age of 18 years. Despite the transformative applications of LLMs in various aspects of children's lives such as education and therapy, there…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Prasanjit Rath , Hari Shrawgi , Parag Agrawal , Sandipan Dandapat

There continue to be numerous breaches publicised pertaining to cyber security despite security practices being applied within industry for many years. This article is intended to be the first in a number of articles as research into cyber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-01-18 Mark Evans , Leandros A. Maglaras , Ying He , Helge Janicke

The remarkable growth of digital assets, starting from the inception of Bitcoin in 2009 into a 1 trillion market in 2024, underscores the momentum behind disruptive technologies and the global appetite for digital assets. This paper…

Applications · Statistics 2024-09-02 Zhengming Li , Jianxi Su , Maochao Xu , Jimmy Yuen

Youth online safety research in HCI has historically centered on perspectives from the Global North, often overlooking the unique particularities and cultural contexts of regions in the Global South. This paper presents a systematic review…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Ozioma C. Oguine , Oghenemaro Anuyah , Zainab Agha , Iris Melgarez , Adriana Alvarado Garcia , Karla Badillo-Urquiola

Cyberspace is full of uncertainty in terms of advanced and sophisticated cyber threats which are equipped with novel approaches to learn the system and propagate themselves, such as AI-powered threats. To debilitate these types of threats,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Hooman Alavizadeh , Julian Jang-Jaccard , Simon Yusuf Enoch , Harith Al-Sahaf , Ian Welch , Seyit A. Camtepe , Dong Seong Kim

Threat modeling and risk assessments are common ways to identify, estimate, and prioritize risk to national, organizational, and individual operations and assets. Several threat modeling and risk assessment approaches have been proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Paul Griffioen , Bruno Sinopoli

Background: A growing amount of software is available to children today. Children use both software that has been explicitly developed for them and software for general users. While they obtain clear benefits from software, such as access…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Letizia Jaccheri , Sandro Morasca

Proactive cyber-risk assessment is gaining momentum due to the wide range of sectors that can benefit from the prevention of cyber-incidents by preserving integrity, confidentiality, and the availability of data. The rising attention to…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-11 Mario Angelelli , Serena Arima , Christian Catalano , Enrico Ciavolino

In today's digitally interconnected world, cybersecurity threats have reached unprecedented levels, presenting a pressing concern for individuals, organizations, and governments. This study employs a qualitative research approach to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Daksh Dave , Gauransh Sawhney , Pushkar Aggarwal , Nitish Silswal , Dhruv Khut

Recent events have placed a renewed focus on the issue of racial justice in the United States and other countries. One dimension of this issue that has received considerable attention is the security and privacy threats and vulnerabilities…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Nikita Samarin , Aparna Krishnan , Moses Namara , Joanne Ma , Elissa M. Redmiles

In this paper, we explore the challenges of ensuring security and privacy for users from diverse demographic backgrounds. We propose a threat modeling approach to identify potential risks and countermeasures for product inclusion in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Dave Kleidermacher , Emmanuel Arriaga , Eric Wang , Sebastian Porst , Roger Piqueras Jover