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Representing structured text from complex documents typically calls for different machine learning techniques, such as language models for paragraphs and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for table extraction, which prohibits drawing…
The absence of standardized spelling conventions and the organic evolution of human language present an inherent linguistic challenge within historical documents, a longstanding concern for scholars in the humanities. Addressing this issue,…
We used Lemur Toolkit, an open source toolkit designed for Information Retrieval (IR) research, for our automated indexing and retrieval experiments on a TREC-like test collection for Turkish. We study and compare three retrieval models…
This paper introduces a pioneering English-Azerbaijani (Arabic Script) parallel corpus, designed to bridge the technological gap in language learning and machine translation (MT) for under-resourced languages. Consisting of 548,000 parallel…
This paper deals with the recognition and matching of text in both cartographic maps and ancient documents. The purpose of this work is to find similar text regions based on statistical and global features. A phase of normalization is done…
We propose a new framework, Translation between Augmented Natural Languages (TANL), to solve many structured prediction language tasks including joint entity and relation extraction, nested named entity recognition, relation classification,…
The paper introduces a new method for discrimination of documents given in different scripts. The document is mapped into a uniformly coded text of numerical values. It is derived from the position of the letters in the text line, based on…
Recent studies have demonstrated how to assess the stereotypical bias in pre-trained English language models. In this work, we extend this branch of research in multiple different dimensions by systematically investigating (a) mono- and…
This paper proposes a structure-aware decoding method based on large language models to address the difficulty of traditional approaches in maintaining both semantic integrity and structural consistency in nested and overlapping entity…
Understanding and extracting of information from large documents, such as business opportunities, academic articles, medical documents and technical reports, poses challenges not present in short documents. Such large documents may be…
Document Layout Analysis is a fundamental step in Handwritten Text Processing systems, from the extraction of the text lines to the type of zone it belongs to. We present a system based on artificial neural networks which is able to…
Error-tolerant recognition enables the recognition of strings that deviate mildly from any string in the regular set recognized by the underlying finite state recognizer. Such recognition has applications in error-tolerant morphological…
This paper presents the first attempt, up to our knowledge, to classify English writing styles on this scale with the challenge of classifying day to day language written by writers with different backgrounds covering various areas of…
Written language is complex. A written text can be considered an attempt to convey a meaningful message which ends up being constrained by language rules, context dependence and highly redundant in its use of resources. Despite all these…
A line of a bilingual document page may contain text words in regional language and numerals in English. For Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of such a document page, it is necessary to identify different script forms before running an…
Historical processes manifest remarkable diversity. Nevertheless, scholars have long attempted to identify patterns and categorize historical actors and influences with some success. A stochastic process framework provides a structured…
Machine transliteration, as defined in this paper, is a process of automatically transforming written script of words from a source alphabet into words of another target alphabet within the same language, while preserving their meaning, as…
Handwritten Arabic script recognition is a challenging task due to the script's dynamic letter forms and contextual variations. This paper proposes a hybrid approach combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformer-based…
Large language models (LLMs) often achieve high performance in native language identification (NLI) benchmarks by leveraging superficial contextual clues such as names, locations, and cultural stereotypes, rather than the underlying…
Natural scene text detection is a significant challenge in computer vision, with tremendous potential applications in multilingual, diverse, and complex text scenarios. We propose a multilingual text detection model to address the issues of…